Quantifying anthropogenic threats to orchids using the IUCN Red List

Wraith, Jenna; Pickering, Catherine Marina

doi:10.1007/s13280-017-0964-0

Cited by 58 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Global biodiversity hotspots like Madagascar hosts thousands of endemic orchids mostly in fragmented habitats with declining seed set and poor natural recruitment of seedlings. The IUCN Red List contains 37 species of lithophytes of which 86% are threatened by biological resource use around the world (Wraith and Pickering 2018 ). Therefore, this group of plants is high priority for conservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of mycorrhizal fungi from wild collected protocorms of Madagascan endemic orchid Aerangis ellisii (B.S. Williams) Schltr. and their use in seed germination in vitro

et al. 2020

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Orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) are critical for seed germination and maintaining natural populations of orchids, yet the degree of specificity of most orchids to their mycorrhizal associates remains unknown. Many orchids are at risk of extinction, whether generalists or specialists, but orchid species of narrow fungal specificity are arguably under increased threat due to their requirement for specific fungal symbionts. This study characterises the fungi associated with Aerangis ellisii , a lithophytic orchid from a site in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Culturable OMF isolated from spontaneous protocorms of this species from the wild were used for seed germination. In vitro germination and seedling development of A. ellisii were achieved with fungi derived from A. ellisii and an isolate from a different Aerangis species 30 km away. The significance of these findings and their importance to conservation strategies for this species and other Aerangis spp. is discussed. These results have important implications for the conservation of A. ellisii populations in Madagascar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of mycorrhizal fungi from wild collected protocorms of Madagascan endemic orchid Aerangis ellisii (B.S. Williams) Schltr. and their use in seed germination in vitro

et al. 2020

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“…Their high biodiversity and conservation values are closely coupled with unique life strategies and ecological conditions. The most commonly published threats for orchids are direct destruction of habitats or other negative human and global impacts such as climate change, pollution, tourism, and recreation activities [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Richness, Ecology, and Prediction of Orchids in Central Europe: Local-Scale Study

et al. 2020

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Orchids are one of the most species-rich families in the world, and many species are under threat in numerous countries. Biodiversity research focusing on the relationship between the richness of orchid species and ecological factors was performed across the Cerová vrchovina Mts (Western Carpathians) testing impact of 26 explanatory variables. We aimed to determine the main ecological predictors controlling species richness and to predict potential species richness patterns. Altogether, 19 orchid species were found in the studied area, with Cephalanthera damasonium and Epipactis microphylla being the most common. Four environmental predictors (minimal longitude, carbonate-containing sediments, maximal yearly solar irradiation, and agricultural land) had statistically significant effects on orchid richness following regression analysis. Predictive models for the nine most frequent species using MaxEnt software showed (i) that land cover and geological substrate had the highest contribution to the explained variance in the models and (ii) strong potential for occurrence of given orchids in several poorly mapped parts of the studied area.

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“…Red Lists are an important tool not only to prioritize species conservation and identification of key biodiversity areas, but also to guide conservation responses, provide support for planning or implementing biodiversity projects, and help understand potential impacts on biodiversity (Bennun et al, 2018). In this sense, Red List indicators bear the potential to quantify possible anthropogenic threats to species (e.g., Wraith and Pickering, 2018), and to strategically connect science and politics (Do et al, 2018;Rabaud et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards inclusion of genetic diversity measures into IUCN assessments: a case study on birds

Vitorino¹,

Souza²,

Jardim³

et al. 2019

Anim. Biodiv. Conserv.

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The IUCN Red List categorizes species based on their geographical distribution and population size. However, attributes such as genetic information are not yet considered. We compiled information on genetic diversity (HE, HO) and inbreeding coefficient (f) along with their ecological attributes (IUCN category, migratory habit, forest dependence and habitat type) from a literature survey to assess whether bird species categorized as being of highest conservation concern display the lowest genetic diversity. We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to test whether avian species with less inclusive characteristics (e.g., taxa with small geographical distributions or low dispersal capability) display lower genetic diversity than those classified as Least Concern (LC). We used hylogenetic generalized least squares (pGLS) to account for phylogenetic independence of predictor variables and to verify robustness of GLMMs (generalized linear mixed models). In general, GLMM revealed more significant relationships among ecological attributes and genetic diversity patterns. After accounting for phylogenetic independence, the highest average heterozygosity values were observed in species falling under the LC category; non–migratory birds showed lower HO and HE average values than migratory birds, while non–forest birds showed lower heterozygosity than forest birds. Hence, we corroborate our hypothesis that genetic diversity of birds is lower in species of high conservation concern. We hope our results promote further studies on genetic diversity of bird populations. Lastly, we propose the incorporation of genetic data as metrics in the assessment of bird conservation status.

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Quantifying anthropogenic threats to orchids using the IUCN Red List

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

Recovery of mycorrhizal fungi from wild collected protocorms of Madagascan endemic orchid Aerangis ellisii (B.S. Williams) Schltr. and their use in seed germination in vitro

Recovery of mycorrhizal fungi from wild collected protocorms of Madagascan endemic orchid Aerangis ellisii (B.S. Williams) Schltr. and their use in seed germination in vitro

Species Richness, Ecology, and Prediction of Orchids in Central Europe: Local-Scale Study

Towards inclusion of genetic diversity measures into IUCN assessments: a case study on birds

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