Total Saponins Isolated from Corni Fructus via Ultrasonic Microwave-Assisted Extraction Attenuate Diabetes in Mice

Abstract

Saponins have been extensively used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of their potent bioactive and pharmacological functions including hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antiulcer and androgenic properties. A lot of saponins-containing foods are recommended as nutritional supplements for diabetic patients. As a medicine and food homologous material, Corni Fructus (CF) contains various active ingredients and has the effect of treating diabetes. However, whether and how CF saponins attenuate diabetes is still largely unknown. Here, we isolated total saponins from CF (TSCF) using ultrasonic microwave-assisted extraction combined with response surface methodology. The extract was further purified by a nonpolar copolymer styrene type macroporous resin (HPD-300), with the yield of TSCF elevated to 13.96 mg/g compared to 10.87 mg/g obtained via unassisted extraction. When used to treat high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, TSCF significantly improved the glucose and lipid metabolisms of T2DM mice. Additionally, TSCF clearly ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress as well as pancreas and liver damages in the diabetic mice. Mechanistically, TSCF potently regulated insulin receptor (INSR)-, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)-, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-, and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-associated signaling pathways. Thus, our data collectively demonstrated that TSCF could be a promising functional food ingredient for diabetes improvement.

Ameliorative effects of chickpea flavonoids on redox imbalance and mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats

“…8E) in serum were both decreased ( p < 0.01) in the DM control group compared with the NC group, indicating that the overflow of NADH via complex I was partially used for leak respiration and that the increase contributed to oxidative stress. In addition, an increase in the MDA content and a decrease in the SOD activity were reported by An et al 53 and a decrease in the GSH-Px activity was observed in diabetes. 54 Diabetic rats had a higher protein carbonylation content than non-diabetic rats, as described by Jang et al 55 and Cumaoglu et al 56…”

“…8E) in serum were both decreased ( p < 0.01) in the DM control group compared with the NC group, indicating that the overflow of NADH via complex I was partially used for leak respiration and that the increase contributed to oxidative stress. In addition, an increase in the MDA content and a decrease in the SOD activity were reported by An et al 53 and a decrease in the GSH-Px activity was observed in diabetes. 54 Diabetic rats had a higher protein carbonylation content than non-diabetic rats, as described by Jang et al 55 and Cumaoglu et al 56 After the treatment with CCFE, compared with levels in the DM control group, the MDA content in the serum and the protein carbonylation content in the pancreas were markedly decreased ( p < 0.05), and the SOD activity in the serum was greatly increased ( p < 0.05) in the CCFE treatment groups.…”

An Overview of Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Edible Fruits of European and Asian Cornus Species

“…An et al [142] obtained total saponins from C. officinalis by using ultrasonic microwaveassisted extraction. This extract, purified by a non-polar copolymer styrene type macroporous resin (HPD-300), improved the glucose and lipid metabolism of streptozotocininduced diabetic mice and ameliorated liver and pancreas damage, inflammation as well as oxidative stress.…”

“…Cornusiridoid A−F α-Glucosidase inhibition [99] Total saponin extract Amelioration of liver and pancreas damage, regulation of insulin receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, glucose transporter 4, and protein kinase B-associated signalling pathways [142] Hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic properties Fresh fruits Reduction in serum and hepatic TC levels and SREBP-2. Increase in PPAR-α levels [167] Neuroprotective effects…”

Preparation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Bioactive Peptides Obtained from Cornus officinalis

“…Pharmacological studies have revealed that the Cornus officinalis possesses the effects of being anti-neoplastic, hypoglycemic, enhancing sperm motility, antioxidation and being anti-inflammatory [4][5][6][7][8]. At present, there are many studies on the extraction of polysaccharides, phenolic acid compounds, diverse iridoid glycosides, saponins, tannins and other physiological active substances from Cornus officinalis [9][10][11][12]. However, there are only a few studies on how to use the Cornus officinalis protein [13][14][15].…”