Torrefaction of oil palm kernel shell in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Uemura, Yoshimitsu; Saadon, Shazleen; Osman, Noridah; Mansor, Nurlidia; Tanoue, Ken‐ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.12.050

Cited by 99 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ash fusibility of the torrefied samples was within the scope of this study and torrefied PKS achieved deformation temperature of 1,157°C [28]. Ueamura et al, studied torrefaction of PKS under both inert and oxidizing atmospheres [26]. Fibre and SEM analysis as well as the determination of reaction kinetics were within the scope of the study [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Since its quite well known and abundant, it is also a good test piece for novel torrefaction reactors to assess its suitability for the case of the specific device. Nearly 60 million tons of palm oil is being produced around the world, with Malaysia and Indonesia being two mayor suppliers [26]. Palm oil fruit bunches are harvested from the trees that are between 10 and 20 years old [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ueamura et al, studied torrefaction of PKS under both inert and oxidizing atmospheres [26]. Fibre and SEM analysis as well as the determination of reaction kinetics were within the scope of the study [26]. Obinna et al, torrefied Nigerian PKS at temperatures of 200 up to 300°C with residence times ranging from 40 to 120 min using ceramic boats and a tubular furnace reactor [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Pawlak–Kruczek¹,

Krochmalny²,

Mościcki³

et al. 2017

Eng. Prot. Environ.

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Toryfikacja różnych typów biomasy w reaktorze obrotowym w skali laboratoryjnej oraz wielostopniowym reaktorze taśmowym w skali pilotażowej Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process that improves properties of biomass relevant to its use as a fuel. It increases a heating value of the biomass, bringing it closer to the one of coal. That prevents the loss of power due to a decrease in calorific value of the fuel when biomass is supposed to replace coal partially. Along with less hygroscopic nature, in comparison to raw biomass, it allows improving logistics of the fuel. It also enhances grindability of the fuel, which is important for boilers and gasifiers that use pulverized fuel. In this study, four types of biomass were torrefied under different temperature regimes. Tests were performed in two different torrefaction reactors: laboratory scale Isothermal Rotary Reactor and pilot scale Multi-stage Tape Reactor (output up 10 kg/h and 100÷ ÷500 kg/h respectively). The process was characterized using dry mass loss during torrefaction, known as the mass yield. Energy yield was also calculated. Raw materials have been compared to the corresponding torrefied products. The comparison was based on standard set of properties, that is mandatory to be tested for any solid fuel, e.g., results of the proximate and ultimate analysis, the calorific value of the fuel. Obtained results have shown a significant improvement, regarding grindability after torrefaction. Also, hydrophobic nature of raw and torrefied biomass was a subject of tests. The propensity towards the moisture absorption was determined, by long-term storage under constant relative humidity conditions. Decreased rate of moisture absorption was observed for torrefied biomasses when compared with corresponding raw materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Pawlak–Kruczek¹,

Krochmalny²,

Mościcki³

et al. 2017

Eng. Prot. Environ.

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“…An alternative way to reduce this cost is to use air as a carrier gas for oxidative torrefaction (Lu et al 2012). The effect of changing the torrefaction atmosphere on the properties of the pretreated biomass has been studied by several investigators (Rousset et al 2012;Chen et al 2013b;Chen et al 2014;Uemura et al 2015). It has been reported that torrefaction under an oxidizing environment favors oxidation reactions on the biomass surface, as well as oxidized volatile matter being released during the process (Chen et al 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Torrefied Wood Biomass under an Oxidizing Environment in a Downdraft Gasification Process

Ramos-Carmona

Pérez

2017

BioResources

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The effect of composition and heating value of torrefied biomass under an oxidizing atmosphere at different conditions (180, 210, and 240 °C during 30, 75, and 120 minutes) was studied relative to downdraft gasification performance. An extended model for gasification in thermochemical equilibrium was used to evaluate the effect of pretreated biomasses, fuelto-air equivalence ratio, and char byproduct production on the producer gas composition, reaction temperature, cold gas efficiency (CGE), and the engine fuel quality (EFQ). The model was validated with experimental data, reaching a global relative error of 8.5%. For raw or torrefied biomasses, with regard to char production, the CGE decreases if char increases; this is due to the fact that the process tends to combustion regimes when a lower amount of carbon is involved in the gasification reaction. Otherwise, the CGE and EFQ increase (up to 80% and 2.5 MJ/kg, respectively) if fuel-to-air ratio increases. With regard to the torrefied biomass, it is highlighted that CGE and EFQ increase from 77% to 82% and from 2.2 MJ/kg to 2.5 MJ/kg, respectively, when the torrefaction conditions (temperature and/or time) increase. This behavior is related to the increase of the autothermal zones in the gasification process and due to the higher heating value of torrefied biomass.

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“…Oxidative torrefaction could achieve this reduction. Recently, a number of studies related to oxidative torrefaction have been carried out, most of them related with residues from oil palm industry [21]- [26] although, some of them studied the oxidative torrefaction of ligneous biomass such as spruce and fir sawdust [27], eucalyptus [21], [23], [24], [28], pine and beech [29]. The common idea of all these articles is that there are few differences between oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction in ligneous biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Between Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Torrefaction Pretreatment as Alternatives to Enhance Properties of Biomass

Álvarez¹,

Gutiérrez²,

Pizarro³

et al. 2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction pretreatments are the most employed in order to enhance some properties of biomass such as hygroscopicity, low energy density, or poor grindability and so biomass could be a more competitive renewable energy source. The aim of this paper is to compare oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction processes applying to a pine wood sample. Torrefaction in the range of temperatures 200-250ºC was conducted in a tube furnace reactor and proximate and ultimate analyses and heating value determination were carried out in order to characterize the torrefied samples. Torrefaction kinetics were obtained at three different temperatures using a thermogravimetric analyser. Both mass and energy yields in oxidative cases were lower as torrefaction temperature was increased compared to non-oxidative treatment. Heating value data of oxidative option were slightly lower than those of non-oxidative one were, although they were higher than the heating value of raw biomass. According to the proximate analysis, the moisture content decreased from 7.63% in raw biomass to 3.46% and 3.15% in pine torrefied at 250°C in oxidizing and inert atmospheres, respectively. H/C and O/C ratios decrease was more drastic for oxidative torrefaction than for non-oxidative one. In addition, the van Krevelen diagram shows that oxidative torrefaction is more interesting than non-oxidative alternative, this circumstance suggests that any optimizing criterion has to take into account at least three variables, including ultimate analysis and mass and energy yields.

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Torrefaction of oil palm kernel shell in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Cited by 99 publications

References 32 publications

Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Effect of Torrefied Wood Biomass under an Oxidizing Environment in a Downdraft Gasification Process

Comparison Between Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Torrefaction Pretreatment as Alternatives to Enhance Properties of Biomass

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