Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Pawlak–Kruczek, Halina; Krochmalny, Krystian; Mościcki, Krzysztof; Zgóra, Jacek; Czerep, Michał; Ostrycharczyk, Michał; Niedźwiecki, Łukasz

doi:10.17512/ios.2017.4.3

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In order to assess the severity of the torrefaction process, parameters of mass yield (Ym) and energy yield (Ye) were used as performance indicators, as they are typically used for that purpose [47][48][49][50]. Mass yield was assessed using volatile matter content of both feedstock and product, as proposed by Weber et al [48] for dry torrefaction: Samples of both raw and hydrothermally carbonized spent grain were the subject of a TGA/DTG (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis) analysis that was performed using TGA/DTG Pyris Diamond from Perkin Elmer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LHV was calculated by deducting latent heat, contributed from both moisture in the material and water created as a product of combustion of the hydrogen in the fuel [46]. In order to assess the severity of the torrefaction process, parameters of mass yield (Ym) and energy yield (Ye) were used as performance indicators, as they are typically used for that purpose [47][48][49][50]. Mass yield was assessed using volatile matter content of both feedstock and product, as proposed by Weber et al [48] for dry torrefaction:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Brewery’s Spent Grains for the Production of Solid Biofuels

et al. 2019

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To make a beer there are four essential ingredients needed: water, malt, hops, and yeast. After brewing process, the main wastes are spent grains. These are often used as additions to fodders in animal husbandry. This study presents preliminary results of an investigation aiming to determine the feasibility of an alternative use of spent grains as a potential source of solid fuel. This source of energy could make breweries partly sustainable in terms of their energy supply. Such an approach may be feasible especially in large scale industrial breweries. This preliminary study presents encouraging results, showing improvements in terms of the fuel properties of the spent grain after its valorization through hydrothermal carbonization. Moreover, qualitative GC-MS analysis also indicates potential feasibility of the liquid byproduct of the hydrothermal carbonization of spent grain for biogas production. Results of proximate, ultimate, and DTG analyses show that hydrothermal carbonization of spent grain could improve its fuel properties and make it an especially suitable feedstock for fast pyrolysis and gasification. Improvement of HHV is also an improvement in terms of combustion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Brewery’s Spent Grains for the Production of Solid Biofuels

et al. 2019

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“…In order to assess the severity of the torrefaction process, parameters of mass yield (Y m ) and energy yield (Y e ) were used as performance indicators typically used for that purpose [15,31,66,67]. Mass yield was assessed, using the volatile matter content of both feedstock and product, as proposed by Weber et al [67]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction as a Valorization Method Used Prior to the Gasification of Sewage Sludge

et al. 2019

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The gasification and torrefaction of sewage sludge have the potential to make the thermal utilization of sewage sludge fully sustainable, thus limiting the use of expensive fossil fuels in the process. This includes sustainability in terms of electricity consumption. Although a great deal of work has been performed so far regarding the gasification of sewage sludge and some investigations have been performed in the area of its torrefaction, there is still a gap in terms of the influence of the torrefaction of the sewage sludge on its subsequent gasification. This study presents the results from the torrefaction tests, performed on a pilot scale reactor, as well as two consecutive steam gasification tests, performed in an allothermal fixed bed gasifier, in order to determine if torrefaction can be deemed as a primary method of the reduction of tar content for the producer gas, from the aforementioned gasification process. A comparative analysis is performed based on the results obtained during both tests, with special emphasis on the concentrations of condensable compounds (tars). The obtained results show that the torrefaction of sewage sludge, performed prior to gasification, can indeed have a positive influence on the gas quality. This is beneficial especially in terms of the content of heavy tars with melting points above 40 °C.

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“…Mass yield (Y m ) and energy yield (Y e ) were used for assessment of performance and productivity, as typically used indicators [49,[60][61][62]. Weber method was used, as one of the indirect methods of assessment of mass yield [49]:…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonisation-experimental Rig and Characterisamentioning

confidence: 99%

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

et al. 2020

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Steady consumption of beer results in a steady output of residues, i.e., brewer's spent grain (BSG). Its valorization, using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) seems sensible. However, a significant knowledge gap regarding the variability of this residue and its influence on the valorization process and its potential use in biorefineries exists. This study attempted to fill this gap by characterization of BSG in conjunction with the main product (beer), taking into accounts details of the brewing process. Moreover, different methods to assess the performance of HTC were investigated. Overall, the differences in terms of the fuel properties of both types of spent grain were much less stark, in comparison to the differences between the respective beers. The use of HTC as a pretreatment of BSG for subsequent use as a biorefinery feedstock can be considered beneficial. HTC was helpful in uniformization and improvement of the fuel properties. A significant decrease in the oxygen content and O/C ratio and improved grindability was achieved. The Weber method proved to be feasible for HTC productivity assessment for commercial installations, giving satisfactory results for most of the cases, contrary to traditional ash tracer method, which resulted in significant overestimations of the mass yield.However, for craft breweries located in big cities, disposal becomes more problematic [3]. There are also attempts to enrich food products with spent grains. Thus far, there have been trials with sausages [4] and bread [5]. However, consumers reported that such products represent a fiber aftertaste [6]. However, this is limited only to the relatively close vicinity of a brewery, due to relatively high moisture content, that could range between 70% up to 78% 70% [7][8][9]. Biological activity of these residues makes long term storage difficult. The literature reports ongoing work on various new ways of using BSG, including extraction of polyphenols [10,11], other anti-oxidants [12,13], functional cardioprotective lipids for pharmaceutic use [14], proteins [15], fodder for edible insects [16], material for disposable trays [17], natural rubber modifier [18], as well as feedstock for production of pigments [19] and biochar, for subsequent use as soil amendment [20] or sustainable material for electrodes [21].The potential use of this residue as a fuel has been suggested by several authors so far [7][8][9]22,23]. The relatively high initial moisture content of spent grain makes hydrothermal valorization techniques the most sensible choice [8,9]. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), also known as wet torrefaction, is a valorization process suitable for a range of low-quality solid biomass, especially with high initial moisture content [24,25]. Process temperature, reported in the literature, usually ranges between 180 • C and 260 • C [25][26][27][28][29][30]. As the process takes place in subcritical water, pressure has to be higher than saturation pressure of water for specific temperature [25][26][27][28][29][30]. In these conditions wa...

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Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Brewery’s Spent Grains for the Production of Solid Biofuels

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Brewery’s Spent Grains for the Production of Solid Biofuels

Torrefaction as a Valorization Method Used Prior to the Gasification of Sewage Sludge

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

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