Topography-induced contributions to friction forces measured using an atomic force/friction force microscope

Sundararajan, Sriram; Bhushan, Bharat

doi:10.1063/1.1310187

Cited by 127 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This dependence was first reported by , and Bhushan (1995) and later discussed in more detail by Koinkar & Bhushan (1997a) and Sundararajan & Bhushan (2000). The ratchet mechanism and the collision effects semi-quantitatively explain the correlation between the slopes of the roughness maps and friction force maps observed.…”

Section: (B ) Microscale Frictionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Bhushan

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are needed to develop fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena on a small scale and to study interfacial phenomena in magnetic storage devices, nanotechnology and other applications. Friction and wear of lightly loaded micro/nanocomponents are highly dependent on the surface interactions (a few atomic layers). These structures are generally coated with molecularly thin films. Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are also valuable in the fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena in macrostructures and provide a bridge between science and engineering. An atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to simulate a single-asperity contact with a solid or lubricated surface. AFMs are used to study the various tribological phenomena that include surface roughness, adhesion, friction, scratching, wear and boundary lubrication. In situ surface characterization of local deformation of materials and thin coatings can be carried out using a tensile stage inside an AFM. Mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus of elasticity and creep/relaxation behaviour can be determined on micro-to picoscales using a depth-sensing indentation system in an AFM.

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Section: (B ) Microscale Frictionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Bhushan

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Parameters such as roughness, granularity, power spectrum of the surface play an important role. The effects of surface topography on nano-friction measurements have been studied, although a general theory is still lacking [8,9,10,11,12]. In many cases, attention has been concentrated on flat crystalline surfaces under ultra-high-vacuum (UHV), where the influence of surface topography is negligible [13,14,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, in the case of corrugated samples, that is of locally tilted surfaces, the measured forces in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the AFM reference plane do not necessarily coincide with the forces acting parallel and perpendicularly to the sample surface, which actually define the friction coefficient and the friction vs. load characteristics of the interface under investigation [8,9,10,11,12]. These effects related to surface morphology depend on the ratio between the dimension of the sliding probe and that of the surface asperities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative nanofriction characterization of corrugated surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Podestà

Fantoni

Milani

2004

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a suitable tool to perform tribological characterization of materials down to the nanometer scale. An important aspect in nanofriction measurements of corrugated samples is the local tilt of the surface, which affects the lateral force maps acquired with the AFM. This is one of the most important problems of state-of-the-art nanotribology, making difficult a reliable and quantitative characterization of real corrugated surfaces. A correction of topographic spurious contributions to lateral force maps is thus needed for corrugated samples. In this paper we present a general approach to the topographic correction of AFM lateral force maps and we apply it in the case of multi-asperity adhesive contact. We describe a complete protocol for the quantitative characterization of the frictional properties of corrugated systems in the presence of surface adhesion using the AFM.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Contact between solid surfaces is generally via a multitude of asperities that together constitute the microscopic roughness of any real surface. In AFM/LFM, the contact between the tip and the surface is usually assumed to be of a single asperity nature; 7 this is a good assumption, and can be helpful in understanding multiasperity behavior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel method for measuring nanofriction by atomic force microscope

Salvadori

Lisboa

Fernandes

et al. 2008

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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The authors describe a novel approach to the measurement of nanofriction, and demonstrate the application of the method by measurement of the coefficient of friction for diamondlike carbon ͑DLC͒ on DLC, Si on DLC, and Si on Si surfaces. The technique employs an atomic force microscope in a mode in which the tip moves only in the z ͑vertical͒ direction and the sample surface is sloped. As the tip moves vertically on the sloped surface, lateral tip slipping occurs, allowing the cantilever vertical deflection and the frictional ͑lateral͒ force to be monitored as a function of tip vertical deflection. The advantage of the approach is that cantilever calibration to obtain its spring constants is not necessary. Using this method, the authors have measured friction coefficients, for load range 0 Ͻ L Ͻ 6 N, of 0.047Ϯ 0.002 for Si on Si, 0.0173Ϯ 0.0009 for Si on DLC, and 0.0080Ϯ 0.0005 for DLC on DLC. For load range 9 Ͻ L Ͻ 13 N, the DLC on DLC coefficient of friction increased to 0.051Ϯ 0.003.

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Topography-induced contributions to friction forces measured using an atomic force/friction force microscope

Cited by 127 publications

References 13 publications

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Quantitative nanofriction characterization of corrugated surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Novel method for measuring nanofriction by atomic force microscope

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