Topical treatment strategies to manipulate human skin pigmentation

Rachmin, Inbal; Ostrowski, Stephen M.; Weng, Qing Yu; Fisher, David E.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.002

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The p53 protein, known as "the stress protein" because its levels increase during cellular stress, shows a critical role for cell survival [311][312][313]. It was demonstrated that p53 directly regulates POMC expression, which encodes α-MSH, involved in melanogenesis activation [313][314][315]. Hence, when inhibiting the expression of POMC, melanin's overproduction cannot be triggered, thus preventing the pigment spots [309].…”

Section: A Strategy To Combat Dark Spots and Skin Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation

et al. 2021

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The “modern” cosmetology industry is focusing on research devoted to discovering novel neurocosmetic functional ingredients that could improve the interactions between the skin and the nervous system. Many cosmetic companies have started to formulate neurocosmetic products that exhibit their activity on the cutaneous nervous system by affecting the skin’s neuromediators through different mechanisms of action. This review aims to clarify the definition of neurocosmetics, and to describe the features of some functional ingredients and products available on the market, with a look at the regulatory aspect. The attention is devoted to neurocosmetic ingredients for combating skin stress, explaining the stress pathways, which are also correlated with skin aging. “Neuro-relaxing” anti-aging ingredients derived from plant extracts and neurocosmetic strategies to combat inflammatory responses related to skin stress are presented. Afterwards, the molecular basis of sensitive skin and the suitable neurocosmetic ingredients to improve this problem are discussed. With the aim of presenting the major application of Botox-like ingredients as the first neurocosmetics on the market, skin aging is also introduced, and its theory is presented. To confirm the efficacy of the cosmetic products on the market, the concept of cosmetic claims is discussed.

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Section: A Strategy To Combat Dark Spots and Skin Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation

et al. 2021

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“…It is a potent depigmenting agent and used as an alternative to tyrosinase [3]. It is one of the most commonly used agents in the treatment of human skin hyperpigmentation [4,5]. The effective concentration of HDQ in commercial skin-toning formulations varies from 1.5 to 2.0% w•w −1 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive and Ecologically Sustainable Reversed-Phase HPTLC Method for the Determination of Hydroquinone in Commercial Whitening Creams

et al. 2021

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Hydroquinone (HDQ) is a natural depigmenting agent, which is commonly used in skin-toning preparations. The safety and greenness of analytical methods of HDQ quantification were not considered in previous literature. Therefore, a highly sensitive and ecologically greener reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC)-based assay was established for HDQ estimation in four different commercial whitening creams (CWCs). The binary ethanol–water (60:40, v·v−1) mixture was utilized as the green solvent system. The estimation of HDQ was carried out at 291 nm. The present RP-HPTLC-based assay was linear in the 20–2400 ng band−1 range. The present analytical method was highly sensitive based on the detection and quantification data. The other validation parameters, such as accuracy, precision, and robustness, were also suitable for the determination of HDQ. Maximum HDQ quantities were obtained in CWC A (1.23% w·w−1) followed by CWC C (0.81% w·w−1), CWC D (0.43% w·w−1), and CWC B (0.37% w·w−1). The analytical GREEnness (AGREE) score for the present analytical method was estimated as 0.91, indicating the excellent greener characteristics of the present RP-HPTLC assay. These results suggest that the present analytical method is highly sensitive and ecologically sustainable for the quantitation of HDQ in its commercial formulations.

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“…Pigmented disorders are frequently related to severe psychological and social impacts on patients. Some disorders can be difficult and resistant to treatment (Rachmin et al, 2020). Many agents for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization

Yang

Shi

Yuhe

et al. 2021

Front. Nanotechnol.

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In this research, we sought to surmount the poor dissolvability and transdermal absorption rate of licorice flavonoids (LFs) by fabricating a LFs microemulsion. LFs content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Initial studies such as dissolution testing, emulsification testing, and pseudo ternary phase diagram generation were implemented for screening components and optimized adopting the central composite design. While the tested responses were solubility, droplet size and PDI, thirteen trials were performed using two different variables, oil percentage and optimized emulsifier and co-emulsifier ratio. Microemulsions were then characterized for droplet size, PDI, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity, electrical conductivity, pH, entrapment efficiency, drug content and stability. Additionally, skin release profile, percutaneous absorption and retention were investigated adopting Franz diffusion cell. The optimal formulation was found to compose of laureth-9 (emulsifier, 6.72 g), propylene glycol (co-emulsifier, 1.80 g), isopropyl myristate (IPM, oil, 1.48 g), LFs (1.50 g) and at least more than 85% deionized water. The optimized and storage for 3 months of microemulsion was found to clear, light yellow color without phase separation or precipitation indicated the stability of the preparation to long-term placement. The mean droplet size, PDI, entrapment efficiency and drug content were discovered as 12.68 ± 0.12 nm, 0.049 ± 0.005, 97.28 ± 0.13% and 122.67 ± 0.40 mg·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal formulation sustained release LFs, remarkably deliver more LFs through the skin layer (644.95 ± 6.73 μg cm−2) and significantly retained LFs in the skin layer (9.98 μg cm−2). The study concluded that optimized microemulsion has potential and enhanced the dissolvability and cumulative penetration amount of LFs.

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Topical treatment strategies to manipulate human skin pigmentation

Cited by 50 publications

References 74 publications

Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation

Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation

Highly Sensitive and Ecologically Sustainable Reversed-Phase HPTLC Method for the Determination of Hydroquinone in Commercial Whitening Creams

Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization

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