Topical skin targeting effect of penetration modifiers on hairless mouse skin, pig abdominal skin and pig ear skin

Abstract

Objective: This study was to investigate the topical skin targeting effects and mechanism of combination penetration modifiers of 1,2-hexanediol (or 1,2-heptanediol) and 1,4-cyclohexanediol on transdermal absorption of metronidazole (MTZ) in different skin models. Methods: Six formulations were applied to pig abdominal skin and pig ear skin models, respectively, and the results were compared with the previous data on hairless mouse skin worked out by our laboratory. Four parameters (flux, T lag , Q 24 and targeting ratio) were used to evaluate permeability and targeting effect in skin. Results: The combined penetration modifiers played a general role on decreasing permeability without reducing skin retention. The most significant skin permeability decrement to MTZ was pig abdominal skin (permeability decrement was $20% for hairless mouse skin, 60% for pig abdominal skin and 40% for pig ear skin, respectively) while the strongest skin targeting effect appeared in hairless mouse skin (targeting ratios were 1.79 for hairless mouse skin, 1.24 for pig abdominal skin and 1.05 for pig ear skin, respectively) under the role of penetration modifiers. Conclusions: Thickness of stratum corneum (SC) was the major factor impact on skin targeting effect. Selection criteria of skin models also have been discussed in this study.

The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin

“…This includes studies on wound healing (Ansell et al, 2012;Jung et al, 2013;Sullivan et al, 2001), burns (Abdullahi et al, 2014;Sheu et al, 2014), transdermal penetration, delivery and toxicology (Barbero and Frasch, 2009;Godin and Touitou, 2007;Mahl et al, 2006;Simon and Maibach, 2000;Yu et al, 2013), infectious diseases (Mounsey et al, 2010;Rampton et al, 2013;San Mateo et al, 1999), radiation and UVB impact (Agay et al, 2010;Brozyna et al, 2009;Smirnova et al, 2014), snake venom (Imkhieo et al, 2009) and taser (Jenkins et al, 2013) assessments, as well as stem cell research (Hao et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2012). The pig was also employed as a model for experimentally induced allergic contact dermatitis, revealing similarities to human with respect to clinical, histological and immunohistological features (Vana and Meingassner, 2000).…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Surfactants for Studying the Penetration of Cosmetic Surfactants on the Skin

“…Porcine skin has the similar histological and biochemical properties with human skin, including the thickness and the numbers of hairs (Simon and Maibach, 2000). Therefore, it has been used as a model for human skin in transdermal penetration and delivery (Simon and Maibach, 2000;Barbero and Frasch, 2009;Yu et al, 2013). Herein, we used pig skin to study the penetration of fluorescent surfactants into the skin.…”

In vivo characterization of minipig skin as a model for dermatological research using multiphoton microscopy

“…However, porcine skin does not contain eccrine sweat glands and unlike humans, apocrine glands are distributed throughout the skin surface [10] . Porcine skin has been used as a human skin model for studies on wound healing, [16,17] burns, [18] transdermal penetration and delivery [19] and radiation impact, [20] as well as in stem cell research [21] . These features of the porcine skin model are valid for minipig skin as well [22,23] .…”