Toll-like receptor 2: An important immunomodulatory molecule during Helicobacter pylori infection

Nemati, Maryam; Larussa, Tiziana; Khorramdelazad, Hossein; Mahmoodi, Merat; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.006

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are belonging to the membrane-related pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that are predominantly expressed by microglial cells in injured brain [49]. TLRs perform important functions in recognition of exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) [50]. Stimulation of TLRs by PAMP or DAMP lead to secretion of chemokines and cytokines which exaggerate the inflammatory responses [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effect of Ginger Aqueous Extract against Imidacloprid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

Farag

Fotoh

EL-Sayed

et al. 2019

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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The current study was aimed to investigate neurotoxic impact of imidacloprid in rats and the potential modulatory role of Zingiber officinale Roscoe aqueous extract against such effects. Sixty male albino rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 10) as following: G1 is (-ve) control group (0.1 ml of distilled water for 90 days). G2 is (+ve) control group (1ml of aqueous extract of ginger (GAE) for 90 days). G3 group was administered with 0.1 ml of Imidacloprid (IMI) for 90 days. G4 group was administered with 1 ml of GAE for 2 weeks followed by administration of 0.1 ml of IMI/rat for 90 days. G5 group was administered with 0.1 ml of IMI for 90 days then 1ml of GAE for 2 weeks and the last group administered 0.1 ml of IMI and 1ml of GAE simultaneously for 90 days (G6) oral dosing of IMI and ginger aqueous extract was triple weekly. IMI exposure caused significant decrease in gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) level, significant increase in sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), significant depletion in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not affected by IMI exposure. IMI exposure upregulates toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene in the brain, intense immuno positive reactivity of TLR2 in the brain of IMI-treated group. Histopathologically, significant alterations in the brain were observed, such as neuronal degeneration, hemorrhages, necrosis, demyelination and gliosis. In conclusion, IMI neurotoxic effect could be modulated by the use of ginger aqueous extract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effect of Ginger Aqueous Extract against Imidacloprid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

Farag

Fotoh

EL-Sayed

et al. 2019

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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“…Toll‐like receptors are a class of membrane‐bound proteins that belong to the pathogen recognition receptors family in innate immunity . TLRs play important functions in identification of the microbial‐derived components that are called pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) .…”

Section: Innate Immunity During T Vaginalis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Toll-like receptors are a class of membrane-bound proteins that belong to the pathogen recognition receptors family in innate immunity. 20 TLRs play important functions in identification of the microbial-derived components that are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). 20,21 Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, triggers inflammation and influences the intensity of adaptive immune response.…”

Section: Innate Immunity During T Vaginalis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, triggers inflammation and influences the intensity of adaptive immune response. 20,21 T. vaginalis infection upregulates the expression of the TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in epithelial cells, which may play a role in the initiation of the host immune response against the parasite. 22 Upon contact of T. vaginalis with VECs, a number of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-8, IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α are released.…”

Section: Innate Immunity During T Vaginalis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humoral and T cell–mediated immune response against trichomoniasis

Nemati

Malla

Yadav

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

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Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection leads to the synthesis of specific antibodies in the serum and local secretions. The profile of T. vaginalis-specific antibodies and T cell-mediated immune responses may influence the outcome of infection, towards parasite elimination, persistence or pathological reactions. Studies have indicated that Th1-, Th17- and Th22 cell-related cytokines may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Th2- and Treg cell-related cytokines can exert anti-inflammatory effects during T. vaginalis infection. A number of T. vaginalis-related components such as lipophosphoglycan (TvLPG), α-actinin, migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), legumain-1 (TvLEGU-1), adhesins and cysteine proteases lead to the induction of specific antibodies. T. vaginalis has acquired several strategies to evade the humoral immune responses such as degradation of immunoglobulins by cysteine proteases, antigenic variation and killing of antibody-producing B cells. The characterization of the T. vaginalis-specific antibodies to significant immunogenic molecules and formulation of strategies to promote their induction in vaginal mucosa may reveal their potential protective effects against trichomoniasis. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses to T. vaginalis and highlight novel insights into the possible role of immune responses in protection against parasite.

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“…2,13 In addition to gastrointestinal epithelial cells, a number of leukocytes such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, T cells, B cells, and neutrophils are also activated during H. pylori infection. 14,15 Elevated synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IFNγ was indicated in gastric biopsies obtained from H. pyloripositive patients. 16 Helicobacter pylori-specific CD4 + T cells play a central role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminished circulating concentration of interleukin‐35 in Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients with peptic ulcer: Its association with FOXP3 gene polymorphism, bacterial virulence factor CagA, and gender of patients

et al. 2018

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Toll-like receptor 2: An important immunomodulatory molecule during Helicobacter pylori infection

Cited by 52 publications

References 136 publications

Modulatory Effect of Ginger Aqueous Extract against Imidacloprid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

Modulatory Effect of Ginger Aqueous Extract against Imidacloprid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

Humoral and T cell–mediated immune response against trichomoniasis

Diminished circulating concentration of interleukin‐35 in Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients with peptic ulcer: Its association with FOXP3 gene polymorphism, bacterial virulence factor CagA, and gender of patients

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