Modulatory Effect of Ginger Aqueous Extract against Imidacloprid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

The current study was aimed to investigate neurotoxic impact of imidacloprid in rats and the potential modulatory role of Zingiber officinale Roscoe aqueous extract against such effects. Sixty male albino rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 10) as following: G1 is (-ve) control group (0.1 ml of distilled water for 90 days). G2 is (+ve) control group (1ml of aqueous extract of ginger (GAE) for 90 days). G3 group was administered with 0.1 ml of Imidacloprid (IMI) for 90 days. G4 group was administered with 1 ml of GAE for 2 weeks followed by administration of 0.1 ml of IMI/rat for 90 days. G5 group was administered with 0.1 ml of IMI for 90 days then 1ml of GAE for 2 weeks and the last group administered 0.1 ml of IMI and 1ml of GAE simultaneously for 90 days (G6) oral dosing of IMI and ginger aqueous extract was triple weekly. IMI exposure caused significant decrease in gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) level, significant increase in sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), significant depletion in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not affected by IMI exposure. IMI exposure upregulates toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene in the brain, intense immuno positive reactivity of TLR2 in the brain of IMI-treated group. Histopathologically, significant alterations in the brain were observed, such as neuronal degeneration, hemorrhages, necrosis, demyelination and gliosis. In conclusion, IMI neurotoxic effect could be modulated by the use of ginger aqueous extract.

Topamax® and Ginger Oil Potential Neurotoxicity And Their Interaction in Mice Thru Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers, Neurotransmitters Expression and Immunohistochemical Measurements

“…However, GABA levels induced by Topamax® highly exceeded that induced by ginger oil. In Consistent with our results, Farag et al [20] revealed that ginger supplementation has been associated with an increased GABA concentration in the hippocampus as well as cerebral cortex of senile female rats. GABA levels elicited in the brain of mice treated with Topamax® and ginger oil were found to be lower than in Topamax® treated animals in the current investigation.…”

Dietary Curcumin Modulating Effect on Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Immune-Related Response of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Imidacloprid Insecticide

“…The spleen is a peripheral lymphoid organ that plays a crucial role in the body's innate and adaptive immune responses against systemically acquired antigens [133,134].To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reported that IMI-induced up-regulated the expression level of the TLR-4 gene in the spleen of IMI-exposed broilers. Similar findings were obtained by Farag, et al [135], who found that the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene was up-regulated in the brains of rats after IMI exposure, while TLR2 had a strong immunopositive response in the brains of IMI-treated rats. Toll-like receptor is activated by molecules generated from pathogens, which causes the production of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α [136].…”

Elucidation of the neurological effects of clothianidin exposure at the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) using two-photon microscopy <i>in vivo</i> imaging

“… ). The increase of TLR2 in this study is consistent with the results of a previous report in which imidacloprid was administered chronically [ 7 ]. The cerebral microglia are responsible for immune function that induces inflammation via TLR2 expression [ 24 ].…”