Tobacco smoking and acute myocardial infarction in young adults: A population-based case-control study

Oliveira, Andréia; Barros, Henrique; Maciel, Maria Júlia; Lopes, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.12.002

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…A high PAF was found for smoking, particularly among men aged less than 46 years (63.5 vs. 34.1% for the oldest participants), reflecting the relatively high risk of young smokers in our population, as already described [19]. Previous studies have pointed out the high impact of smoking on coronary events among men [3,6,7], and particularly the strongest effect among the younger groups [3,7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Impact of risk factors for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

et al. 2009

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The impact of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) strongly differs across populations and most studies do not consider age as an effect modifier. This study aims to estimate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of established risk factors for non-fatal AMI, considering age stratification, within a population-based casecontrol study of Portuguese men. Cases were male patients consecutively admitted with an incident AMI, during 1999-2003 (n = 638) and controls were a representative sample of the non-institutionalized Porto, Portugal inhabitants (n = 851). PAFs were derived by the equation: PAF = 1 -R (q/R), in which q is the proportion of cases in each exposure stratum and R is the adjusted odds ratio. PAFs were obtained for the individual effect of each factor and for combinations of them, after allowance for confounding. High waist-to-hip ratio ([0.90), smoking and lower education levels (0-4 years) had the highest PAFs among men aged B45 years: 81.2% (95% CI: 71.2-88.2), 63.5% (95% CI: 42.0-80.6) and 53.8% (95% CI: 40.9-66.2), respectively. For the oldest men, high waist-to-hip ratio (PAF = 88.7%, 95% CI: 77.6-94.7) and lack of leisure-time physical activity (PAF = 44.8%, 95% CI: 32.0-58.2) were the risk factors with the highest impact.Lifestyles explained 77.2% (95% CI: 53.4-90.9) of young myocardial infarction cases and 77.6% (95% CI: 65.3-86.4) of the cases aged [45 years. Preventive targeted interventions to decrease the prevalence of such modifiable risk factors would likely reduce morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular events and related conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Impact of risk factors for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

et al. 2009

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“…Although smoking is considered a major hazard for AMI in both sexes, some studies have pointed out the particularly harmful effect of the relative oestrogen deficiency that female smokers appear to have (28) and an interaction between oral contraceptives and smoking has also been discussed (29) . However, other studies support that in young adults there is no interaction between sex and smoking on AMI risk (9,10,30) . The present study also found a similar risk for AMI between ex-smokers and never smokers, supporting the beneficial effect of smoking cessation in both sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gender heterogeneity in the association between lifestyles and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Oliveira

Barros²,

Lopes³

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate the modification effect of sex in the association between lifestyles and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Design: Population-based case-control study. Trained interviewers collected information using a standard structured questionnaire. Associations were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. The effect modification by sex was evaluated in the regression models, testing interaction terms between lifestyles and sex. Setting: Porto, Portugal. Subjects: Portuguese Caucasian adults, aged $18 years. Cases were patients consecutively admitted with an incident AMI during 1999-2003 (n 918) and controls were a representative sample of non-institutionalized inhabitants of Porto with no evidence of previous clinical or silent infarction (n 2316). Results: Cigarette smoking was positively associated with AMI in both men and women (smokers .15 cigarettes/d v. never smokers: OR 5 9?11, 95 % CI 4?83, 17?20 for women; OR 5 3?92, 95 % CI 2?75, 5?58 for men; interaction term P value 5 0?001). A significant protective effect of moderate alcohol intake on AMI occurrence was found in women (0?1-15?0 g/d v. non-drinkers: OR 5 0?48, 95 % CI 0?31, 0?74), but not in men. Fruit and vegetable intake, vitamin and mineral supplement use and leisure-time physical activity practice were found to decrease AMI risk, with similar effects between sexes. Conclusions: A strong positive association between smoking and AMI was found in women. Also, a protective effect of moderate alcohol intake was only found among females. Fruit and vegetable intake, vitamin and mineral supplement use and leisure-time physical activity practice were found to decrease AMI risk in both sexes.

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“…Increase in risk of developing AMI is reported to be directly proportional to the quantity of cigarettes smoked each day. In addition, smokers have two to four times higher risk o f sudden cardiac death (Oliveira, Barros, Maciel & Lopes, 2007;Teo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Risk Factors Shared By Periodontitis and Ami (Confounders)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between acute myocardial infarction and periodontitis: A case-control study with north Indian population.

Sidhu¹

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Tobacco smoking and acute myocardial infarction in young adults: A population-based case-control study

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Impact of risk factors for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Impact of risk factors for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Gender heterogeneity in the association between lifestyles and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Association between acute myocardial infarction and periodontitis: A case-control study with north Indian population.

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