Impact of risk factors for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Oliveira, Andréia; Barros, Henrique; Azevedo, Ana; Bastos, Joana; Lopes, Carla

doi:10.1007/s10654-009-9352-9

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The consistency of this result is likely because most epidemiological research on the influence of social factors on risk of chronic disease has been conducted in populations more advanced in the ET. This is also true for many other diseases, as studies on samples from demographically, economically, and educationally developed populations report a steep negative gradient of education on morbidity and on mortality, as well as lower risk for a range of heath conditions including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), hypertension, and overweight (Baker et al, 2011;Cirera et al, 1998;Mirowsky and Ross, 2003;Oliveira et al, 2009). This conclusion notwithstanding, several studies in the metaanalysis indicate that the direction of the education effect can vary depending on the ET stage of the country.…”

Section: Discussion and The Population Education Transition Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of education effects on chronic disease: The causal dynamics of the Population Education Transition Curve

Smith

Anderson

Salinas

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Section: Discussion and The Population Education Transition Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of education effects on chronic disease: The causal dynamics of the Population Education Transition Curve

Smith

Anderson

Salinas

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity are common diseases with major impact on morbidity and mortality in adulthood [1–4]. Multiple epidemiological studies, of which many have been published in the European Journal of Epidemiology , identified various risk factors in childhood and adulthood for these diseases [5–35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and metabolic influences of fetal smoke exposure

Bakker

Jaddoe

2011

Eur J Epidemiol

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Many epidemiological studies showed associations of low birth weight with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The associations seem to be consistent and stronger among subjects with a postnatal catch up growth. It has been suggested that developmental changes in response to adverse fetal exposures might lead to changes in the fetal anatomy and physiology. These adaptations may be beneficial for short term, but may lead to common diseases in adulthood. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is one of the most important adverse fetal exposures in Western countries, and is known to be associated with a 150–200 g lower birth weight. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy might be involved in pathways leading to both low birth weight and common diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity, in adulthood. In this review, we discuss epidemiological studies focused on the associations of maternal smoking with fetal growth and development and cardiovascular and metabolic disease in later life. We also discuss potential biological mechanisms, and challenges for future epidemiological studies.

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“…Then these studies were further the scrutinized at different stages and the major portion of identified studies was excluded on the basis of; irrelevant material, inconsistency with the objectives of Meta-analysis, poor reporting, quality of work and lack of statistical data (detail is given in Flow Chart 1). Twenty eight (28) (19) studies had discussed the association between gender and MI. Eight (8) studies had described the association between levels of education and risk of MI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It might be assumed that self-management can differ in educated person. It has been found that education level is independently and strongly associated with MI particularly among younger men [19]. In this study, there is an attempt to pool the results of different studies regarding associations of these non-clinical risk factors with MI through a Meta-Analysis Approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Mr¹,

Ansar²,

Hanif³

et al. 2017

J Biom Biostat

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IntroductionCardiovascular disease is a commonly used term that refers to the diseases that affect the heart and other parts of the cardiac system of the body. The cardiovascular diseases that affect the coronary arteries of the heart are called Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) [1]. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the diseases in this group. A large number of people die every year due to this fatal disease. In 2013, the number of people who died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) was more than 17.3 million (95% uncertainty interval, 16.5 to 18.1), representing an increase from 1990 of 40.8% [2]. The burden of Coronary Heart Disease is increasing at a greater rate in South Asian countries than the other countries of the world. It has been estimated that the risk of MI would be doubled in the next 20 years [3]. According to American Heart Association, approximately one of every six deaths in United States is caused by MI [4,5]. Another study showed that the high prevalence of MI in Pakistan with more than 30% of the population over 45 years of age is affected by this disease [3]. This statistics has revealed that this disease is growing at alarming rate in the world. A mammoth literature is available on this disease. As a result many medical, social, economic, demographic risk factors were explored in the literature.In this literature medical factors got significant attention by medical professionals and practitioners. The least attention has been paid to non-clinical factors (demographic and socioeconomic factors) which can play significant role in causing MI [6][7][8]. Age, gender and family history of MI are demographic factors and education is a socioeconomic factor. Age and gender has been found as powerful risk factors of MI [9]. It has also been observed that chances of getting MI increases as the age of the patients increases. Another study shows that MI in patients less than the age of 40 is 10% of all the cases [10]. A study conducted in Bangladesh shows that the incidence of AMI was more frequent among the patients of age group 50-59 years [11]. Recently a health survey conducted in England suggests that 4% of men and 0.5% of women have had an MI [12]; however, after the age of 70 both genders have equal chance of getting this disease. It has been observed that women have experienced their first MI on the average 9 years later than men [13].Family history of heart diseases has also emerged as an important predictor of MI in many studies. A family history of MI increases the risk of CHD especially for MI. The National Cholesterol Education Program highlights that an individual may have a positive history of MI if his close blood relative male (father or brother) has MI younger than 55 years or female (his mother or sister) has MI younger than 65 years [14]. AbstractBackground: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a coronary heart disease that is one of the main causes of the mortality over the globe. There are various clinical and non-clinical risk factors that can be further classified as modifiable and non...

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Impact of risk factors for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

A meta-analysis of education effects on chronic disease: The causal dynamics of the Population Education Transition Curve

A meta-analysis of education effects on chronic disease: The causal dynamics of the Population Education Transition Curve

Cardiovascular and metabolic influences of fetal smoke exposure

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

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