Tobacco consumption and oral and pharyngeal cancer in a Spanish male population

Synergistic effects of betel quid chewing, tobacco use (in the form of cigarette smoking), and alcohol consumption on the risk of malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF): a case-control study in Hunan Province, China

“…This is consistent with a previous study showing OR=7.0 (95% CI: 1.46-33.65) for smokers compared with non-smokers [28]. However, the magnitude of the risk is much slighter in M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 11 comparison to those reported in a previous study in Europe [39]. Explanations may lie in different patterns of tobacco consumption in different regions.…”

“…Many studies have reported that the habit of tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for OSCC [34][35][36] and OSF [37]. European researchers have reported adjusted relative risks (RR)=3.6 (95% CI not shown) in 'moderate' smokers and RR=9.4 (95% CI not shown) in 'heavy' smokers with oral cancer [38] and OR=11.5 (95% CI: 2.4-55.7) for oral cancer in male who smoked blond tobacco (flue-cured), while OR=36.2 (95% CI: 8.4-155.8) for cancer of the oral cavity in black tobacco (air-cured) smokers [39]. Currently, we found that both greater dose and longer duration of tobacco use increased the risk of malignant transformation of OSF.…”

Tobacco Consumption and Oral, Pharyngeal and Lung Cancers

“…Regardless if they were current smokers or ex-smokers, individuals who smoked for more than 30 years had a higher risk of developing oral cancer or pharyngeal cancer compared to individuals who had smoked for less than 30 years. The study also shows that the risk of developing oral cancer or pharyngeal cancer is lower if an individual smokes blonde tobacco instead of black tobacco [14].…”

“…The risk for oral cancer was calculated based on if the subject was a current smoker (individuals who smoked within 6 months of the interview), ex-smoker (individuals who had quit smoking 6 months prior to the interview, ever smoker (current & ex-smokers), or non-smoker. They calculated the risk of oral cancer or pharyngeal cancer corresponding to the amount of years spent smoking, to the amount of cigarettes smoked per day, based on the type of tobacco used (blonde or black), and based on if the subjects were non/light drinkers (<2 drinks/day) or moderate/heavy drinkers (>2 drinks/day) [14].…”

A review of the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma: update

“…The authors estimate that smoking and drinking combined account for about 75% of all OPC in the United States [21]. A similar study in a Spanish male population found that tobacco smoking was associated with OPC with an OR of 27.7 [22]. These studies combined confirm the magnitude that smoking and alcohol consumption have on OPC.…”