Titanium carbide nanoparticles/ion-exchange polymer-based sensor for catalytic stripping determination of trace iron in coastal waters

Abstract

a b s t r a c tWe establish a novel nanoparticle/ion-exchange polymer-based sensor for selective and sensitive detection of trace iron (Fe 3+ ) in coastal waters. Titanium carbide nanoparticles (nano-TiC) are used as a typical nanomaterial with promising physical and chemical properties to accelerate the electron transfer. Nafion is chosen as the widely used cation-exchange polymer to facilitate the preconcentration of Fe 3+ . Taking advantage of synergistic effects of nano-TiC and Nafion as well as the catalytic amplifying effect of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), the excellent cathodic signal responses for the stripping determination of Fe 3+ which is linear in the range of 0.07-70 M with a detection limit of 7.2 nM can be obtained. This analytical method can be used to effectively and simply detect Fe 3+ without using any complexing agents. The fabricated sensor has been successfully applied for the sensitive determination of Fe 3+ in real coastal waters.

Graphene oxide-assisted synthesis of bismuth nanosheets for catalytic stripping voltammetric determination of iron in coastal waters

“…Various materials such as Nafion [28], gold nanoparticles [29], multi-wall carbon nanotubes [30], methylene blue [31], bismuth [25] and titanium carbide nanoparticles [32] have been used to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of Fe(III) determination. Among them, bismuth-based electrodes have gained widely acceptance for trace determination of iron instead of the mercury electrode, owing to its low toxicity, the ability to form alloys with many heavy metals, simple preparation, wide potential window, and insensitivity to dissolved oxygen.…”

Voltammetric Method for Determining Ferric Ions with Quercetin

“…Many analytical methods for determining ferric ions have been reported including high‐performance liquid chromatography [10], chemiluminescence [11], potentiometric titration [12], UV‐visible spectrophotometry [2, 13–15], spectrofluorimetry [3, 16–18], atomic absorption spectrometry [19], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [20, 21] and voltammetry [22–31]. Whereas some of those methods pose certain disadvantages – time‐intensive analysis and matrix interference – that require sophisticated, expensive equipment as well as time‐consuming extraction and pre‐concentration, voltammetric ones are relatively inexpensive, fast, selective and sensitive.…”

Determination of iron in seawater: From the laboratory to in situ measurements

“…But the detection limit was too high for trace iron determination in seawater, indicating that the working electrode needed to be modified. Pan's group recently have developed a series of modified electrodes to sensitively and selectively detect total dissolved iron in coastal waters without using complexing ligands [61][62][63][64][65]. For example, Lin et al [64] used a nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide/methylene blue/gold nanoparticles to modify GCE and the sensitive cathodic signal of Fe(III) was achieved with a detection limit of 15 nmol L −1 in 0.1 M HCl without requiring the use of complexing ligands for Fe(III).…”

“…Han et al [61] achieved a controlled synthesis of dendritic gold nanostructures using graphene oxide on GCE and a morphology-dependent performance for Fe(III) determination with a detection limit of 15 nmol L −1 . Lin et al [65] took advantage of the synergistic effects between titanium carbide nanoparticles and Nafion to modify GCE and the catalytic amplifying effect of oxidant hydrogen peroxide, achieving a detection limit of 7.2 nmol L −1 for Fe (III). Hu et al [62] used a graphene oxide-assisted synthesis of bismuth nanosheets, modified GCE, and oxidant KBrO 3 to catalytically detect Fe (III) at a limit of 2.3 nmol L −1 .…”