Tissue engineering perspectives in dentistry: review of the literature

Abstract

Tooth losses due to pathological processes continue to be a reality in daily clinical dentistry, inducing functional and psychological complications in patients. In view of this, a new option for the management of this problem -tissue engineering -has been studied in Dentistry. This field, considered multidisciplinary, uses three key elements for tissue regeneration: scaffolds (extracellular matrices) -natural or synthetic; cells, and growth factors. In this sense, combination of these three elements may induce regeneration of the dental pulp, bone and periodontal tissue, among others. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review, describing the main elements of tissue engineering and their applicability in Dentistry, as a means of updating dental surgeons about this subject.Indexing terms: Tissue engineering. Dentistry. Cell-and tissue-based therapy. RESUMOAs perdas dentárias, devido aos processos patológicos, ainda são uma realidade na clínica odontológica diária, induzindo complicações funcionais e psicológicas ao paciente. Diante disso, uma nova opção para o manejo desse problema vem sendo estudada na Odontologia, a engenharia tecidual. Essa área, considerada multidisciplinar, utiliza três elementos chaves para a regeneração dos tecidos: os scaffolds (matriz extracelular) naturais ou sintéticos, as células e os fatores de crescimento. Nesse sentido, a combinação desses três elementos pode induzir a regeneração da polpa dentária, tecido ósseo e periodontal, entre outros. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura, descrevendo e atualizando os cirurgiões-dentistas sobre os principais elementos da engenharia tecidual e sua aplicabilidade na Odontologia. Termos de indexação: Engenharia tissular. Odontologia. Terapia baseada em transplante de células e tecidos.

Proteins and Peptides as Important Modifiers of the Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications—A Review

“…BMPs have important roles in tooth development, differentiation of odontoblasts, and development of cement and alveolar bone. Moreover, they regulate chemotaxis, alkaline phosphate activity, and osteocalcin synthesis/mineralization [31,90,92,95]. Considering their osteogenic potential, BMPs are successfully used in many therapeutic interventions including bone defects or osteoporosis.…”

“…Nevertheless, the specified features of biomaterials (e.g., pore size or mechanical strength) are closely associated with their future applications. For instance, biomaterials for skin TE may possess lower mechanical strength compared to scaffolds dedicated for bone TE [9][10][11]13,17,18,31,33,196,[199][200][201].…”

Prologue: Oro-Dental-Derived Stromal Cells for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Tissue Engineering - Past, Present and Future

“…These proteins generate a stimulus that induce cell growth (regulate, proliferation and migration) and the receptors binding in cell membrane. In tissue engineering the most proteins used includes: Hedgehog proteins (HHS), morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), interleukins, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [104].…”

Tissue Engineering in Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation - A New Perspective

“…Scaffolds made of natural /synthetic materials serve as extracellular matrix, and act as a carrier for growth factors. Scaffolds are biomaterials with two-dimensional or three-dimensional architecture that help in migration, proliferation and differentiation of cells by providing an adequate environment 10 The function of growth factors is to facilitate and promote cell growth, development, proliferation and migration to regenerate new tissue. Bone morphogeneic proteins (BMP); Hedgehog proteins (HHS); fibroblast growth factor (FGF); interleukins; tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the different growth factors used in tissue engineering, among which the BMPs have been extensively studied and applied for dental regeneration 10 .…”

“…Cartilage generation, however, is more difficult than bone regeneration, in that in most studies although stem cells differentiation is to chondrocytes, the regenerate tissue is not like the natural tissue, structurally and functionally 2 . Many growth factors that could contribute to the joint regenerationwere identified 2 .With reference to cells and growth factors, cells extracted from the synovial capsule and fibroblast growth factors, have shown promising results in regenerating the cartilage of the TMJ 10 .…”