Tissue-engineered magnetic cell sheet patches for advanced strategies in tendon regeneration

A Physiology-Inspired Multifactorial Toolbox in Soft-to-Hard Musculoskeletal Interface Tissue Engineering

“…More recent trends have been exploring magnetic force-based tissue engineering. The generation of magnetic cell sheets by cellular internalization of magnetic nanoparticles enabled the fabrication of tenogenic living ECM-rich patches ( Figure 2E) with potential for remote control upon application of an external magnetic field as mechano-magnetic stimulus [28].…”

“…MagCS have been fabricated using a subpopulation of tenomodulin-expressing human adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) to support the development of tendon-like living patches, which can be harvested through the use of a permanent magnet (E). Reproduced, with permission, from [28]. Further manipulation of tendon stem/progenitor cells through epigenetics tools [cell sheets treated with trichostatin A to inhibit histone deacetylase (CS-TSA)] allowed long-term cell expansion until a sufficient cell number was reached for cellular therapies with in vivo evidence of therapeutic efficiency in a rat patellar tendon injury model (F).…”

Remote triggering of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling in human adipose stem cells laden on magnetic scaffolds synergistically promotes tenogenic commitment

“…Our group has recently reported on magnetic responsive fibrous scaffolds for tendon TE, suggesting activation of YAP/TAZ signaling in response to magnetic stimulus [11] . These strategies may have an important role in tenogenic differentiation of stem cells [11][12][13][14] and/or in the modulation of the inflammatory response [15 , 16] , envisioning improved repair outcomes. Signaling cascades act as transducers of mechanical forces into downstream mechanosensory molecules.…”

Toxicity and biodegradation of zinc ferrite nanoparticles in Xenopus laevis

“…Their low toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent magnetic properties (superparamagnetism) and easy and versatile surface functionalization, open a wide range of possible biomedical applications. These applications cover diagnostic functions as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (Na, Song and Hyeon, 2009), biosensors (Hasanzadeha, Shadjou and de la Guardia, 2015) or cellular labelling (Tefft et al, 2015), as well as therapeutic functions, such as magnetic hyperthermia (Laurent et al, 2011), controlled drug release (Zhang et al, 2017), tissue regeneration (Gonçalves, Rodrigues and Gomes, 2017) or gene therapy (Cheong et al, 2009). Recent advances in nanomedicine have led to the development of intelligent nanomaterials, combining both diagnosis and therapeutic functions, providing synergistic effects known as "theragnostics" (Hajba and Guttman, 2016).…”