Timing of the phases in adventitous root formation in apple microcuttings

Klerk, G.J.M. de; Keppel, M.; Brugge, J. Ter; Meekes, H. T. H. M.

doi:10.1093/jxb/46.8.965

Cited by 131 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, for other Phyllanthus species, such as P. tenellus, P. niruri, P. caroliniensis, P. urinaria and P. fraternus (Catapan 1999, Saradhi & Islamia 1997 and for other Euphorbiaceae species, such as Excoecaria agallocha L. (Rao et al 1998) cytokinins stimulated shoot proliferation. Root initiation usually is promoted by exogenous auxins (McCown 1988, Drew et al 1991 and inhibited by exogenous cytokinins (Pierik 1989, De Klerk et al 1995. In this report root initiation in the explant was inhibited by cytokinins only at concentrations higher than 1.25 µM BA and similar results on the inhibition of root primordia differentiation by BA are reported for sunflower (Fabijan et al 1981 (Catapan 1999).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

In vitro culture of Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae)

Catapan¹,

Otuki²,

Viana³

2001

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(In vitro culture of Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae)). An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for the medicinal plant Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae) using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Maximum multiplication rates (8-9 shoots per explant) was achieved on MS media supplemented with either 2.5-5.0 µM IBA. The best basal media for axillary shoot proliferation when 0.62 µM BA was supplemented were MS, MS/2 and AR (4-5 shoots per explant). Rooting was achieved with 100% of the microshoots on MS medium without growth regulators. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and about 88% of plantlets survived under ex vitro conditions. Flowering was observed in 81% of the ex vitro grown plantlets after 12 weeks of acclimatization. High frequency callus initiation and growth was achieved when nodal segment explants were inoculated either in the vertical position, in the light on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 µM NAA or horizontally oriented, in the dark on MS supplemented with 5.0 µM NAA or 1.25-5.0 µM BA or 2iP. Root cultures were successfully established on MS medium containing 1.1 µM NAA. The optimized micropropagation, callus and root culture protocols offer the possibility to use cell/organ culture techniques for vegetative propagation and secondary metabolism studies.RESUMO -(Cultura in vitro de Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae)). Um eficiente protocolo de micropropagação foi desenvolvido para a espécie medicinal Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae) através da utilização de segmentos nodais para a proliferação de ramos. Taxas máximas de multiplicação (8-9 ramos por explante) foram obtidas em meio MS suplementado com 2,5-5,0 µM de IBA. As melhores formulações de meios de cultura quando 0,62 µM de BA foi suplementado foram MS, MS/2 e AR (4-5 ramos por explante). O enraizamento foi obtido em 100% das microestacas em meio MS sem reguladores de crescimento. As microplantas regeneradas foram aclimatadas com successo e ao redor de 88% delas sobreviveram às condições ex vitro. A floração foi observada em 81% das microplantas crescidas ex vitro 12 semanas após a aclimatação. Altas freqüências de iniciação e crescimento de calos foram obtidas quando os segmentos nodais foram inoculados na posição vertical, na luz, no meio MS suplementado com 5,0 µM NAA ou na posição horizontal, no escuro em meio MS suplementado com 5,0 µM NAA or 1,25-5,0 µM de BA ou 2iP. Culturas de raízes foram estabelecidas em meio MS suplementado com 1,1 µM NAA. Os protocolos otimizados de micropropagação, cultura de calos e de raízes possibilitam a utilização das técnicas de cultura de células/órgãos para a propagação vegetativa e estudos sobre o metabolismo secundário.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

In vitro culture of Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae)

Catapan¹,

Otuki²,

Viana³

2001

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…No exogenous auxin treatment is required; the lack of a requirement for auxin treatment may be due to high rates of auxin synthesis and/or transport in the actively growing shoots used to generate cuttings. Observations in Malus and Populus microcuttings reveal cell divisions as early as 48 h after auxin exposure and the presence of organized meristemoids by 96 h (De Klerk et al, 1995;Wu, 2004). Because early physiological and biochemical evidence indicates that there are significant changes in endogenous hormone pools, including ethylene, auxin, and cytokinin, during the first 48 h after excision (Maldiney et al, 1986;Selby et al, 1992;Hausman, 1993;De Klerk et al, 1997), we predicted that changes in gene expression during this time frame would provide information about the early and poorly defined molecular networks involved in adventitious root formation.…”

Section: The Poplar Transcriptome Is Remodeled In the Base Of Excisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytokinin Type-B Response Regulator PtRR13 Is a Negative Regulator of Adventitious Root Development inPopulus

et al. 2009

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Adventitious root formation at the base of plant cuttings is an innate de novo organogenesis process that allows massive vegetative propagation of many economically and ecologically important species. The early molecular events following shoot excision are not well understood. Using whole-genome microarrays, we detected significant transcriptome remodeling during 48 h following shoot removal in Populus tremula 3 Populus alba softwood cuttings in the absence of exogenous auxin, with 27% and 36% of the gene models showing differential abundance between 0 and 6 h and between 6 and 24 h, respectively. During these two time intervals, gene networks involved in protein turnover, protein phosphorylation, molecular transport, and translation were among the most significantly regulated. Transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of the Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13 (DDDKPtRR13) have a delayed rooting phenotype and cause misregulation of CONTINUOUS VASCULAR RING1, a negative regulator of vascularization; PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE TRANS-PORTER9, an auxin efflux transporter; and two APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR genes with sequence similarity to TINY. Inappropriate cytokinin action via DDDKPtRR13 expression appeared to disrupt adventitious root development 24 h after shoot excision, when root founder cells are hypothesized to be sensitive to the negative effects of cytokinin. Our results are consistent with PtRR13 acting downstream of cytokinin to repress adventitious root formation in intact plants, and that reduced cytokinin signaling after shoot excision enables coordinated expression of ethylene, auxin, and vascularization pathways leading to adventitious root development.

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“…The medium was the same as the rooting medium used for apple microcuttings (De Klerk et al 1995). NAA was added before autoclaving, and filter-sterilized ACC, AVG and STS after autoclaving.…”

Section: Rooting Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene and rooting of mung bean cuttings. The role of auxin induced ethylene synthesis and phase-dependent effects

Klerk

Hanecakova

2008

Plant Growth Regul

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We have re-examined the role of ethylene during rooting of mung bean cuttings. Cuttings were treated for 5 days with a low or a high concentration of NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid). During this 5 days period, we also applied STS (silverthiosulfate, an inhibitor of ethylene action) or ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid, a direct precursor of ethylene). At high NAA concentration, STS promoted and ACC inhibited rooting, respectively. At low NAA concentration, the effects were opposite, STS being inhibitory and ACC promotive. AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis) gave similar results as STS. Together, these data suggest supraoptimal and suboptimal ethylene levels in the tissue at high and low NAA concentration, respectively. We also examined whether the effect of ethylene varied during the successive phases of the rooting process. Thus, we gave 24 h pulses with either STS or ACC during the rooting treatment. During the first two days (0-48 h), ACC-pulses were promotive and STS-pulses inhibitory. Later on (48-168 h), the ACC-pulses were inhibitory and the STS-pulses promotive. Whether this effect was observed or not was dependent on the NAA concentration. These data indicate that ethylene promotes or inhibits rooting depending on the stage in the rooting process. When ACC was added only during the initial period, rooting was increased at all NAA concentrations in a NAA dose-response curve and the optimal NAA concentration remained the same. This suggests that ethylene renders more cells responsive to NAA.

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Timing of the phases in adventitous root formation in apple microcuttings

Cited by 131 publications

References 19 publications

In vitro culture of Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae)

In vitro culture of Phyllanthus stipulatus (Euphorbiaceae)

The Cytokinin Type-B Response Regulator PtRR13 Is a Negative Regulator of Adventitious Root Development inPopulus

Ethylene and rooting of mung bean cuttings. The role of auxin induced ethylene synthesis and phase-dependent effects

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