Time urgency of the Type A behavior pattern.

Gastorf, John W.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.2.299

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Type A subjects did not arrive earlier for the interview. This finding appears to contradict the study of Gastorf (1980) which reported that subjects defined as Type A by the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) arrived earlier to an appointment than subjects defined as Type B; however, the results of Gastorf's study and the present study can be reconciled. Matthews et al (1982) compared SI and JAS determinations of Type A behavior pattern and concluded that time urgency is a component of the JAS determination of Type A but is not a component of the SI determination of Type A; thus, SI-determined Type A's would not be expected to arrive earlier than SI-determined Type B's.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Nonverbal behavior of the Type A individual

et al. 1983

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Forty-one health professional students were videotaped during three consecutive conditions: a 5-min wait for a tardy interviewer, the structured interview for determining the Type A behavior pattern, and a 5-min relaxation period. Afterward, subjects were classified as Type A or B based on audiotapes of the interview. The total amount of activity and the frequency or duration of Type A behaviors were compared between Type A and Type B subjects. In all three experimental conditions, Type A subjects moved their arms more than Type B subjects. During both the waiting and the relaxation periods, Type A subjects sat still less and spent more time exploring than did Type B subjects. During the interview, Type A subjects gestured more frequently than Type B subjects. Nonverbal behaviors correctly identified behavior pattern in 71% of the subjects. The addition of nonverbal behaviors improved the discrimination of behavior pattern above that obtained from verbal behavior alone. The greater activity, restlessness, exploratory behavior, and gestures of Type A persons are consistent with the two major etiologies proposed for the Type A behavior pattern.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Nonverbal behavior of the Type A individual

et al. 1983

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“…As examples of these behaviors, Yarnold and his colleagues demonstrated that timeurgent! individuals completed tasks at a faster rate (Yarnold & Grimm, 1982;Yarnold & Meuser, 1984;Yarnold, Mueser, & Lyons, 1987) and Gastorf (1980) reported that time-urgent individuals arrived earlier for the scheduled experiment than less urgent subjects.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Time Urgencymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Indeed, time-urgent individuals appear to be preoccupied with setting deadlines (Glass, Snyder, & Hollis, 1974;Gastorf, 1980). It would appear that a deadline-driven schedule is the primary way to maintain order when an individual is overloaded with activities and commitments.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Time Urgencymentioning

confidence: 96%

The Interactions among Time Urgency, Uncertainty, and Time Pressure

Rastegary

Landy

1993

Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Decision Making

105

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“…The attribute referred to as "time urgency" reflects the degree to which an individual experiences a sense of time pressure as part of everyday behavior. Time urgency was found to be linked to behavioral patterns, referred to as type A and type B, as well as to patterns of sickness and health (Gastorf 1981). Those characterized as having a high time urgency are always in a rush.…”

Section: Time Personality and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 90%

Psychological Time, Time Perspective, Culture and Conflict Resolution

Zakay

Fleisig

2010

On Thinking

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This chapter discusses the dimension of time in relation to various aspects of life. After presenting several types of time -physical, biological and psychological time -the relationship between time and personality and time and behavior are discussed. Two cultural categories are defined -the Western technological culture and the "non-Western" cultures, differing in their attitude toward time: Western technological culture, having a linear and quantitative perception of time, as opposed to "non-Western" cultures, having a cyclical and qualitative perception of time. The concept "time perspective" -the subjective organization and perception of the past, the present and the future -is introduced, and differences in time perspective between individuals and between cultures are discussed. It is argued that time is strongly related to the emergence of conflicts. Several timerelated heuristics and aspects linking dimensions of time to the emergence of conflicts are presented. As conflict resolution processes take time, negotiators' relation to time influences those processes. Time is often tactically used as a source of power by the party lacking a sense of urgency, and is frequently used in setting deadlines. And time is essential in building trust between negotiating parties. As the temporal perspective is a major factor in conflict resolution, holding future time perspectives by both parties might be optimal.

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Time urgency of the Type A behavior pattern.

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Nonverbal behavior of the Type A individual

Nonverbal behavior of the Type A individual

The Interactions among Time Urgency, Uncertainty, and Time Pressure

Psychological Time, Time Perspective, Culture and Conflict Resolution

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