Objective: To investigate the incidence of middle ear cholesteatoma surgery and assess trends in mastoidectomy procedures in Australia. Study design: Cross-sectional population-based study using data from the National Hospital Morbidity Database. Methods: Admitted care episodes containing the principal diagnosis of middle ear cholesteatoma were analyzed for two 12-month periods of 2007-2008 and 2017-2018. Surgical admissions involving mastoidectomy were identified by procedure codes. Incidence rate per 100,000 person-years were compared between study periods.Results: Of the 3855 middle ear cholesteatoma admissions, 3558 (92.3%) involved surgery, with the incidence rate for cholesteatoma surgical admissions estimated at