Time scale for resolution of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19

Speth, Marlene M.; Singer-Cornelius, Thirza; Oberle, Michael; Gengler, Isabelle; Brockmeier, Steffi Johanna; Sedaghat, Ahmad R.

doi:10.4193/rhin20.227

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Other commonly reported symptoms also include sputum production, hemoptysis and lack of appetite [6,7]. The symptoms order of appearance, severity, durations and persistence after recovery, is only partly studied [8][9][10] and is the focus of our study here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset, duration, and persistence of taste and smell changes and other COVID-19 symptoms: longitudinal study in Israeli patients

Klein

Asseo

Karni

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives: The multifaceted disease manifestation of COVID-19 requires longitudinal characterization of symptoms, to aid with screening and disease management. Methods: Phone interviews and follow-ups were completed with 112 mild COVID-19 RT-PCR-positive adult patients, over a 6 week period. Results: More than one symptom at disease onset was experienced by ~70 of the patients. Over one third of patients experienced fever, dry cough, headache, or muscle ache as the first symptom. If fatigue was reported, it was usually the first symptom to appear. Smell and taste changes had occurred 3.9 ± 5.4 and 4.6 ± 5.7 days (mean ± SD) since disease onset and emerged as first symptoms in 15% and 18% of patients, respectively. Fever was the shortest lasting symptom (5.8 ± 8.6 days (mean ± SD), and smell and taste changes were the most long-lasting symptoms (24.3 ± 22.9 days and 19.4 ± 19.1 (mean ± SD), respectively), with longer smell recovery correlated with smell change severity. In one third of patients who reported cough, smell and taste changes, these symptoms persisted after negative RT-PCR tests. Conclusions: Each symptom can occur as first or later, though some are more likely to appear as firsts, and typically more than one symptom occurs at disease onset. The severity of olfactory change is associated with its recovery time. Lack of chemosensory recuperation in recovered patients is common. These findings can aid patients through their illness and provide expected recovery patterns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset, duration, and persistence of taste and smell changes and other COVID-19 symptoms: longitudinal study in Israeli patients

Klein

Asseo

Karni

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Al stated that patients with diseases such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma, have increased severity in symptoms. [11] In this case series, resolution of symptoms was notable as early as Day 4 with no progression to severity. Furthermore, when patients were tested via nasal RT-PCR on Day 7, all of them tested negative, a 50 % reduction to negativization as opposed to the average 14-day course of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Chlorpheniramine maleate nasal spray in COVID-19 patients: Case Series

Torres¹,

Chohan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posted a devastating global health crisis for almost a year already. Very little is known about this virus that scientists, physicians and the medical community struggled to find treatments of this novel virus. The vaccine that can potentially combat this virus is still an unknown reality hence, the repurposing of existing medical treatments such as chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) could be a possible treatment and is being widely utilized. CPM is a safe and effective antihistamine with potent antiviral activity against various strains of influenza A/B, thus highlighting its great antiviral potential. We tested the virucidal potential of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in a nasal spray composition currently in development as an anti-allergy medication. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a droplet mode transmission with a notably high viral load in the upper respiratory tract, especially the nose. Several studies had already postulated that the nose is possibly the primary route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 owing to the high expression of Angiotensin 2 converting enzyme receptors. We hypothesize that utilizing (CPM) nasal spray as an adjunct treatment to COVID-19 positive patients and reduce their clinical course and hasten their time to negativization via RT-PCR via nasopharyngeal swab. We present a series of four symptomatic patients with mild-moderate risks. CPM nasal spray was added to their current supportive treatment. All four patients showed rapid improvement of their clinical symptoms with a shorter than average time to negativization on repeat nasopharyngeal swab via RT-PCR. No safety issues were encountered during the course of treatment. Given its years of excellent safety profile with remarkable clinical results as shown in this case series, we conclude that CPM nasal spray may be a potential adjunct treatment option in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms.

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“…19-22 OD has been shown to be a typically early symptom of COVID-19, occurring in most patients within a few days of the onset of COVID-19. 7, 8 Moreover, OD may be the sole presenting symptom of COVID-19 in up to a quarter of patients. 9 Consequently, OD has been recognized as an important and informative characteristic of COVID-19 with public health utility in identifying otherwise asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic COVID-19 patients who may unknowingly transmit the disease to others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OD has been highlighted as an early symptom of COVID-19, 6 reportedly to occurring at a mean of 3-4 days into the COVID-19 disease course. 7, 8 OD may be the first symptom of COVID-19 in up to a quarter of COVID-19 patients. 9, 10 As such, OD has been viewed as an early marker of COVID-19 that may be helpful in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, which may consequently reduce spread of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of olfactory dysfunction with hospitalization for COVID-19: a multicenter study in Kurdistan

Zobairy

Shamsoddin²,

Khodlan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: To evaluate the association of olfactory dysfunction (OD) with hospitalization for COVID-19. Study Design: Multi-center cohort study. Setting: Emergency departments of thirteen COVID-19-designed hospitals in Kurdistan province, Iran. Subjects and Methods: Patients presenting with flu-like symptoms who tested positive by RT-PCR for COVID-19 between May 1st and 31st, 2020. At the time of presentation and enrollment, patients were asked about the presence of OD, fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache, rhinorrhea and sore throat. The severity of OD was assessed on an 11-point scale from 0 (none) to 10 (anosmia). Patients were either hospitalized or sent home for outpatient care based on standardized criteria. Results: Of 203 patients, who presented at a mean of 6 days into the COVID-19 disease course, 25 patients (12.3%) had new OD and 138 patients (68.0%) were admitted for their COVID-19. Patients admitted for COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of all symptoms assessed, including OD (p<0.05 in all cases), and OD identified admitted patients with 84.0% sensitivity and 34.3% specificity. On univariate logistic regression, hospitalization was associated with OD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.085-6.911, p=0.049). However, hospitalization for COVID-19 was not associated with OD (OR=3.22, 95% CI: 0.57-18.31, p=0.188) after controlling for confounding demographics and comorbidities. Conclusion: OD may be associated with hospitalization for (and therefore more severe) COVID-19. However, this association between OD and COVID-19 severity is more likely driven by patient characteristics linked to OD, such as greater numbers of COVID-19 symptoms experienced or high-risk comorbidities.

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Time scale for resolution of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Onset, duration, and persistence of taste and smell changes and other COVID-19 symptoms: longitudinal study in Israeli patients

Onset, duration, and persistence of taste and smell changes and other COVID-19 symptoms: longitudinal study in Israeli patients

Chlorpheniramine maleate nasal spray in COVID-19 patients: Case Series

Association of olfactory dysfunction with hospitalization for COVID-19: a multicenter study in Kurdistan

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