“…As a result of random ridership and intersection signal control, buses continuously deviate from the dispatching plan, and headways among buses become more heterogeneous. Bus bunching occurs if the deviation of actual headways from planned headways reaches a certain extent (Bie, Gong, & Liu, ). Bus bunching leads to an increase in passenger waiting time and a large variation of ridership among buses; it also impairs the transit attractiveness (Tang, Liu, Wang, Sun, & Kandil, ; Yin, Li, Bešinović, & Cao, ; Yue, Han, Wang, & Liu, ).…”