Time dependent twinning during ambient temperature creep of α TiMn alloy

New creep region and mechanism in hexagonal close-packed metals

“…It has been revealed that several Ti alloys show significant creep behaviour at ambient temperature [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These works reported two types of deformation mechanisms: a planner slip in α-grains [1][2][3]5]; time-dependent deformation twins [4].…”

“…These works reported two types of deformation mechanisms: a planner slip in α-grains [1][2][3]5]; time-dependent deformation twins [4]. Thompson et al [1] evaluated apparent activation energy (Q) of 37 kJ/mol as dislocations overcame interstitial atoms.…”

“…the ambient-temperature creep region [8], into the Ashby-type deformation mechanism map of annealed CP-Ti [9], where the Q value was 10 kJ/mol. According to these previous works [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], the deformation and the rate-controlling mechanism of ambient- Creep tests were conducted in tension at temperatures from 203 K to 873 K with loads of 0.5-0.9σ 0.2 . The loading direction is parallel to the rolling direction in the both tests.…”

Categorization of ambient temperature creep behavior of metals and alloys on their crystallographic structures

“…However, the study did not continue except those of Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-1Mo alloy 4) and Ti-0.4Mn alloy 5) at around 1990. In the 1990s, the group of Mills started studying the phenomena using Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy 6,7) and Ti-6Al alloy.…”

“…10) Also it was suggested that twining is relating to the phenomena. 5) Recently, it was claimed that the straight array of dislocations, which was formed by solute Al atoms, had an important roll to the creep. 7,8) However those are suppositions based only on the individual experiments unique for the tested materials.…”