Abstract:Material on the surface of hyphal walls of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) during active colonization of plant roots was detected by a monoclonal antibody. Pot-cultured isolates of Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Entrophospora had immunofluorescent material (IM) on younger, thinner, intact hyphae, but IM was scant to absent on thicker, melanized or lysing hyphae. Colonization of corn (Zea mays L.), Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Staph.) or red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) was exam… Show more
“…After autoclave protocols, both GRSP fractions were centrifuged at 5,000 g for 20 min to quantify protein in the supernatant. GRSP was quantified using the Bradford method (Bradford, 1976), modified by Wright et al (1996) (available at http://www.usda.gov), using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard. The GRSP concentrations for both fractions were corrected to mg g -1 of soil considering the total volume of supernatant and soil dry matter.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, they affect the physical properties of soil by mechanisms such as production of glomalin, a protein that serves as a binding agent for soil particles, promoting aggregate formation and stability (Wright et al, 1996;Morell et al, 2009). Given its role in aggregation, glomalin contributes significantly to ecosystem sustainability (Sousa et al, 2012), enhancing water infiltration, gas exchange, and root growth, decreasing erosion and increasing C storage capability (Rillig et al, 1999;Sousa et al, 2012).…”
ABSTRACT:The removal of original vegetation for crops and pasture production and then followed by natural regeneration is a standard practice in the Atlantic Forest, which has produced patches with different degrees of degradation and regeneration across the landscape. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacement of native forest by pasture and natural regeneration of vegetation on soil and on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in the dry and rainy season in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Passa Vinte, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Soil samples were collected in the rainy and dry season, at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m. The variables determined were total organic carbon (TOC) and particle-size fractions of SOM [particulate organic carbon
“…After autoclave protocols, both GRSP fractions were centrifuged at 5,000 g for 20 min to quantify protein in the supernatant. GRSP was quantified using the Bradford method (Bradford, 1976), modified by Wright et al (1996) (available at http://www.usda.gov), using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard. The GRSP concentrations for both fractions were corrected to mg g -1 of soil considering the total volume of supernatant and soil dry matter.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, they affect the physical properties of soil by mechanisms such as production of glomalin, a protein that serves as a binding agent for soil particles, promoting aggregate formation and stability (Wright et al, 1996;Morell et al, 2009). Given its role in aggregation, glomalin contributes significantly to ecosystem sustainability (Sousa et al, 2012), enhancing water infiltration, gas exchange, and root growth, decreasing erosion and increasing C storage capability (Rillig et al, 1999;Sousa et al, 2012).…”
ABSTRACT:The removal of original vegetation for crops and pasture production and then followed by natural regeneration is a standard practice in the Atlantic Forest, which has produced patches with different degrees of degradation and regeneration across the landscape. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacement of native forest by pasture and natural regeneration of vegetation on soil and on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in the dry and rainy season in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Passa Vinte, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Soil samples were collected in the rainy and dry season, at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m. The variables determined were total organic carbon (TOC) and particle-size fractions of SOM [particulate organic carbon
“…AMF do not only support plants in the uptake of nutritious elements but also produce glomalin, a protein valuable for plants. This glycoprotein commonly occurs in the soil and is a store for carbon whose source is atmospheric CO 2 (Wright et al, 1996). Glomalins constitute nearly 30% of carbon content in the soil and about 2% of the total weight of soil aggregates (Nichols, 2004).…”
Section: Accessibility Of Water and Biogenic Elements For Amf Plantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Glomalins constitute nearly 30% of carbon content in the soil and about 2% of the total weight of soil aggregates (Nichols, 2004). The physico-chemical properties of glomalin such as insolubility, viscosity and hydrophobicity can initiate and protect the appearing soil aggregates and improve the hydrophobic properties of soil particles allowing air permeation and water flow (Gałązka and Gawryjołek, 2015;Wright and Anderson, 2000;Wright et al, 1996). Glycoproteins cover the soil aggregates and protect them from being broken up by forming a characteristic coat on their surface (Wright and Anderson 2000).…”
Section: Accessibility Of Water and Biogenic Elements For Amf Plantsmentioning
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inhabiting soil play an important role for vascular plants. Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plants and soil microorganisms leads to many mutual advantages. However, the effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungi depends not only on biotic, but also abiotic factors such as physico-chemical properties of the soil, availability of water and biogenic elements, agricultural practices, and climatic conditions. First of all, it is important to adapt the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species to changing environmental conditions. The compactness of the soil and its structure have a huge impact on its biological activity. Soil pH reaction has a substantial impact on the mobility of ions in soil dilutions and their uptake by plants and soil microflora. Water excess can be a factor negatively affecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi because these microorganisms are sensitive to a lower availability of oxygen. Mechanical cultivation of the soil has a marginal impact on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores. However, soil translocation can cause changes to the population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance in the soil profile. The geographical location and topographic differentiation of cultivated soils, as well as the variability of climatic factors affect the population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils and their symbiotic activity.
“…토양에 서 미생물들은 유기물을 분해하여 영양분을 얻고, 다당류 물질을 분비하여 토양을 입단구조로 변화 시키며 항생물질 을 분비하여 유해한 미생물로부터 작물을 지켜준다 (Altieri, 2002;Waldrop et al, 2000;Wright et al, 1996). 이러한 토 양 미생물의 다양성을 평가하고 유지하는 것은 친환경농업 을 추진하기 위한 기본적인 요건이라 할 수 있다 (Lee et al, 2011a;Lee et al, 2011b).…”
This study evaluated the soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method in soils (6 sites for immatured paddy, 9 sites for normal paddy, and 5 sites for sandy paddy) in Gyeongnam Province. The soil microbial biomass carbon content in normal and sandy paddy were 1,235 and 441 mg kg -1 , respectively, showing the soil microbial biomass carbon content in normal paddy was higher than that in sandy paddy. The soil organic matter contents 33 g kg -1 of immatured and normal paddy were higher than sandy paddy 18 g kg -1 (p<0.05). The communities of total bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in normal paddy were significantly higher than those in sandy paddy (p<0.05). Total bacteria communities should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation.
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