Impact of abiotic factors on development of the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil: a Review

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inhabiting soil play an important role for vascular plants. Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plants and soil microorganisms leads to many mutual advantages. However, the effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungi depends not only on biotic, but also abiotic factors such as physico-chemical properties of the soil, availability of water and biogenic elements, agricultural practices, and climatic conditions. First of all, it is important to adapt the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species to changing environmental conditions. The compactness of the soil and its structure have a huge impact on its biological activity. Soil pH reaction has a substantial impact on the mobility of ions in soil dilutions and their uptake by plants and soil microflora. Water excess can be a factor negatively affecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi because these microorganisms are sensitive to a lower availability of oxygen. Mechanical cultivation of the soil has a marginal impact on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores. However, soil translocation can cause changes to the population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance in the soil profile. The geographical location and topographic differentiation of cultivated soils, as well as the variability of climatic factors affect the population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils and their symbiotic activity.

Mycorrhizal inoculation as an alternative for the ecological production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

“…The present study shows that the mycorrhizal fungi studied had a beneficial effect on the nutritional status of tomato plants, expressed by the increased content of Ca and K in the leaves. The increased uptake of macro-and microelements such as potassium, nitrogen, calcium and magnesium has also been observed by other researchers (Hart et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2010;Jamiołkowska et al, 2018). An increase of mineral nutrient concentration (P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in the leaves was confirmed by Cimen et al (2010) for tomato plants inoculated with AM Fungi.…”

“…The effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation and AM Fungi persistence depend on several abiotic and biotic factors in the soil, including the temperature, soil moisture, species of mycorrhizal fungus, time of mycorrhizal inoculation, levels of mycorrhizal inoculum, and also on the potential of the inoculum and the potential of the pathogen (Garmendia et al, 2004;Donkó et al, 2014). Mycorrhizal associations also induce plant resistance to abiotic stresses and soil-borne fungal pathogens (Song et al, 2015;Bi et al, 2007;Jamiołkowska et al, 2018). Mycorrhizal colonization (with Funneliformis mosseae) enhances tomato resistance to early blight by the priming a systemic defence response, and the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway is essential for mycorrhizaprimed disease resistance.…”

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Tree Species in a Planted Forest of Eastern China

“…However, knowledge about the diversity of AMF associated with tree species in planted forests is scanty. It is well known that AMF are widespread in various ecosystems, and their colonization and community are also influenced by soil physicochemical properties [33]. It is important to consider the influence of abiotic factors on root colonization and fungal community composition when investigating the diversity of AMF.…”

Native Mycorrhizal Fungi in Land Contaminated Cr, Co and Cu

“…This allegedly due beside to heavy metal stresses, also influenced by other abiotic factors. According to Jamiołkowska et al (2018) that abiotic factors which determine the abundance and development of mycorrhizal fungi spores among other temperature, pH, soil organic matter and soil water content.…”