Time Course of Mental and Psychomotor Effects of 30 per cent Nitrous Oxide during Inhalation and Recovery

Korttila, K.; Ghoneim, Mohammed M.; Jacobs, Lgh; Mewaldt, Steven P.; Petersen, R. C.

doi:10.1097/00132586-198202000-00016

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Yet, our results are similar to those of others who have studied the effects of inhaled N 2 O. In one study, 22 min after subjects inhaled 30% N 2 O, psychomotor performance had returned to baseline [16]. In another study, when 40% N 2 O was inhaled for 30 min, self-reported strength of drug effect was significant and subjects felt drunk, spaced out, and high [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Residual sleepiness after N2O sedation: a randomized control trial [ISRCTN88442975]

2004

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Others who studied the possible interaction of N 2 O with ethanol, found a drug effect for at least one hour after 30% N 2 O inhalation ceased [21]. Performance effects in other studies lasted only five minutes [16,22]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual sleepiness after N2O sedation: a randomized control trial [ISRCTN88442975]

2004

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“…There have been several reports of impairments in memory for lists of digits and nouns following inhalation of 30 per cent nitrous oxide (Steinberg, 1954;Kortilla et a/., 1981), the impairments being in acquisition (Steinberg and Summerfield, 1957;Block et al, 1988;Mewaldt et al, 1988). Impairments are not restricted to artificial material, but have also been found in recognition of faces (Norton et al, 1984) and memory for dental events (File et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrous oxide on memory for instructions in dental patients

File¹,

Balakrishnan²,

Murray³

et al. 1992

Human Psychopharmacology

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Outpatients attending for conservative dental treatment were presented with eight instructions which they were asked to remember. The instructions were either written or spoken, and were in a positive or negative form. Patients treated with nitrous oxide remembered fewer instructions than those treated with local analgesia alone, and this effect of nitrous oxide was particularly marked for written instructions. Patients receiving local analgesia alone were more likely to remember positive than negative instructions in their original syntactical form, but this bias was not evident in the nitrous oxide group. In a second experiment both normal and dentally phobic patients were read dental and general instructions both before and during inhalation of 30 per cent nitrous oxide. Both groups showed a nitrous oxide-induced reduction in partially recalled instructions. There was interesting evidence for a different attentional bias in our two patient groups. The normal group remembered more general than dental instructions, whereas the phobic group showed the opposite pattern, yielding a significant patient group x type of instruction interaction.KEY woms-Nitrous oxide, memory, attention, syntax, cognitive bias. INTRODUCTIONThere have been several reports of impairments in memory for lists of digits and nouns following inhalation of 30 per cent nitrous oxide (Steinberg, 1954;Kortilla et a/., 1981), the impairments being in acquisition (Steinberg and Summerfield, 1957;Block et al., 1988;Mewaldt et al., 1988). Impairments are not restricted to artificial material, but have also been found in recognition of faces (Norton et al., 1984) and memory for dental events (File et al., 1991).Task difficulty seems to determine whether or not memory impairments are detected after nitrous oxide. Thus. no impairments were found in an easy recall task (Norton et al., 1984) or in a recognition task made easier by repetitions (Block et al., 1988). The purpose of Experiment 1 was to investigate whether clinically used concentrations of nitrous oxide reduced memory for dental instructions and if any such reduction was dependent on the syntax of the instructions and whether they were written or spoken. Mehler (1963) found better recall of active, affirmative instructions than of passive or negative ones, and File and Jew (1973) also found * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.better recall of airline safety instructions when these were positive, rather than negative, and when passengers heard them rather than read them.In Experiment 2 we investigated whether there was an interaction between the effects of nitrous oxide and the patient group. In Experiment 1 and the File et al. (1992) study the patients receiving nitrous oxide were dental phobics and their memory was compared with a control group receiving similar dental treatment under local analgesia alone. In Experiment 2 we therefore examined the effects of nitrous oxide on memory for instructions in a group of normal and a group of dentally phobic patients. There is some evi...

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“…There appear to be some differences in how subjects react to N20, with some subjects reporting liking the effects and other subjects, within the same study and using the same procedures, reporting the effects to be unpleasant (Steinberg 1956;Rosenberg 1974;Timsit-Bertheier et al 1987;Dohrn et al 1992). In terms of the psychomotor/cognitive effects of N20, extended inhalation of concentrations of 15% and higher impairs such functions as reaction time, eye-hand coordination, divided attention, and memory (Jarvis et al 1970;Trieger et al 1971 ;Korttila et al 1981;Dohrn et al 1992;File et al 1992;Tiplady et al 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

The subjective, behavioral and cognitive effects of subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in healthy volunteers

et al. 1994

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A prospective, crossover, double-blind trial was conducted in nine healthy volunteers in which the subjective, psychomotor and memory effects of isoflurane (0.0, 0.3 and 0.6%) and nitrous oxide (N2O) (0, 20 and 40%) were examined. Dependent measures included visual analog scales and a standardized drug effects inventory (subjective effects), reaction time and eye-hand coordination (e.g., psychomotor performance), and immediate and delayed free recall (memory). There were some similarities in subjective effects between the two inhaled drugs (e.g., increased ratings of "drunk" and "spaced out"), but isoflurane had effects which N2O did not have. Isoflurane but not N2O increased visual analog scale ratings of "confused," "sedated," and "carefree," and decreased ratings of "in control of thoughts" and "in control of body." An odor was detected with isoflurane and it was disliked. Psychomotor performance was more grossly impaired during isoflurane inhalation than during N2O inhalation. Psychomotor recovery from both agents was rapid and complete so that 5 min after the inhalation period had ceased, performance had returned to baseline levels. Both isoflurane and nitrous oxide impaired immediate and delayed free recall. The feasibility of using isoflurane in conscious sedation procedures is discussed.

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Time Course of Mental and Psychomotor Effects of 30 per cent Nitrous Oxide during Inhalation and Recovery

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Residual sleepiness after N2O sedation: a randomized control trial [ISRCTN88442975]

Residual sleepiness after N2O sedation: a randomized control trial [ISRCTN88442975]

Effects of nitrous oxide on memory for instructions in dental patients

The subjective, behavioral and cognitive effects of subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in healthy volunteers

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