Time and Orbital Diversity Assessment With &lt;inline-formula&gt; 
                     &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$Ka$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;
                  &lt;/inline-formula&gt;- and &lt;inline-formula&gt; 
                     &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$Q$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;
                  &lt;/inline-formula&gt;-Band Slant-Path Propagation Experiments in Madrid

Pimienta‐del‐Valle, Domingo; Riera, José Manuel; Garcia‐del‐Pino, Pedro

doi:10.1109/tap.2018.2882627

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The increase in time diversity is determined by two factors: first, the observed rain rate, R % p (mm/hr) with a time delay T (minute); and second, the frequency f (GHz). As a result, the following function may be presented to establish an attenuation gain model based on the time diversity gain provided by equation (11):…”

Section: Modelling Of Time Diversity Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is in fact limited research on the performance of time variation. In [11], it has been demonstrated that rain attenuation via earth-to-satellite link is closely proportional to rain intensity, which attenuation variation occurs throughout the propagation route as a result of rain variation. Previously synthetic storm technique (SST) technique was used [12], [13], [14] to predict rain attenuation time series from measured rain rate time series with and without time delays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

et al. 2023

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The propagation impairments by rain strongly affect the earth-to-satellite links operating at frequencies higher than 18 GHz mainly due to the severe performance degradation of satellite communication system. The time diversity technique with appropriate time delay between successive transmissions has been found effective in mitigating the rain fade. However, time diversity analysis demands measured rain attenuation data, where the latter is unavailable at most of the places to be able to design future high frequency links. The time diversity gain prediction model has been found to be robust for time diversity improvement. Here, we propose a new model for the rain rate with and without the time delay considering the three variables of rain rate, time delay and frequency. The rain rate and time delay functions were first used to derive the constants by the regression from the rain rate and rain rate gain. The constant for the frequency function was then extracted from the cumulative distribution function of the attenuation predicted by the analytically obtained ITU-R and gain equations. The proposed model was validated using one-year rain rate and attenuation data measured at two different locations in Malaysia demonstrating a 7% prediction inaccuracy when compared to the existing models, therefore, it can be reliably used for future earth-tosatellite link designs by using measured rain rate at any higher frequencies.INDEX TERMS Rain rate, rain attenuation, time delay, time diversity technique.

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Section: Modelling Of Time Diversity Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

et al. 2023

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Rain Statistics Investigation and Rain Attenuation Modeling for Millimeter Wave Short-Range Fixed Links

et al. 2019

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Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is a key technology for fifth generation (5G) and beyond communication networks. However, the communication quality of the radio link can be largely affected by rain attenuation, which should be carefully taken into consideration when calculating the link budget. In this paper, we present results of weather data collected with a PWS100 disdrometer and mmWave channel measurements at 25.84 GHz (K band) and 77.52 GHz (E band) using a custom-designed channel sounder. The rain statistics, including rain intensity, rain events, and rain drop size distribution (DSD) are investigated for one year. The rain attenuation is predicted using the DSD model with Mie scattering and from the model in ITU-R P.838-3. The distance factor in ITU-R P.530-17 is found to be inappropriate for a short-range link. The wet antenna effect is investigated and additional protection of the antenna radomes is demonstrated to reduce the wet antenna effect on the measured attenuation.

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Statistical Analysis of Rain at Millimeter Waves in Tropical Area

et al. 2020

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The high frequencies of millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands have been recognized for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communication networks. However, the radio propagation channel at high frequencies can be largely influenced by rain attenuation, especially in tropical regions with high rainfall intensity. In this paper, we present the results of rainfall intensity and rain attenuation in tropical regions based on one-year measurement campaign. The measurements were conducted from September 2018 until September 2019 at 21.8 GHz (K-band) and 73.5 GHz (E-band) in Malaysia. The rainfall intensity was collected using three rain gauges installed along a 1.8 km link. The rain attenuation is computed from the difference between the measured minimum received signal level (RSL) during clear sky and rain conditions. The measured rain rate and rain attenuation distributions are then analysed and benchmarked with several previous measurements and well-known prediction models such as the ITU-R P. 530-17. The rainfall rate results showed that the best agreement between the measured rainfall rate in Malaysia and the ITU-R PN.837-1 prediction value for Zone P is up to 0.01% of time (99.99% of time agrees well and only disagrees for 0.01% of time). For the E-band, the maximum measured rain attenuation exceeding 0.03% of the year is around 40.1 and 20 dB for 1.8 and 0.3 km links, respectively, at the maximum rain rate of 108 mm/h. For the K-band, the maximum rain attenuation exceeding 0.01% of the year is around 31 dB for the 1.8 km link. Finally, the rain rates exceeding 108 and 180 mm/h at 73.5 and 21.8 GHz, respectively, along the 1.8 km path caused an outage on our measurement setup. The rain rate of 193 mm/h and above caused an outage for the 0.3 km E-band link. The experimental data as well as the presented data analysis can be utilized for efficient planning and deployments of mm-wave wireless communication systems in tropical regions.

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Time and Orbital Diversity Assessment With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Band Slant-Path Propagation Experiments in Madrid

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

Rain Statistics Investigation and Rain Attenuation Modeling for Millimeter Wave Short-Range Fixed Links

Statistical Analysis of Rain at Millimeter Waves in Tropical Area

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