THz Rectennas and Their Design Rules

Shanawani, Mazen; Masotti, Diego; Costanzo, Alessandra

doi:10.3390/electronics6040099

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…None of the existing literature surveys have focused on mmWave WPT in the region between 24 and 100 GHz. THzspecific rectenna design methods and optical rectenna design were reviewed in [7], while touching upon Schottky-based rectennas in the lower mmWave bands.…”

Section: B Previous Wireless Power Harvesting Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Power Harvesting: A Review

Wagih

Weddell

Beeby

2020

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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The broad spectrum available at millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands has attracted significant interest for a breadth of applications, with 5G communications being the main commercial drive for mmWave networks. Wireless power transmission and harvesting at mmWave bands have attracted significant attention due to the potential for minimizing the harvesting antenna size, allowing for more compact rectennas. For a fixed antenna size, the received power increases with frequency. Nevertheless, several challenges lie in realizing high efficiency antennas and rectifiers at mmWave bands. This paper reviews the recent advances in mmWave rectenna design at a component-and system-level. Low-cost antennas and components for mmWave power harvesting, such as high efficiency scalable rectifiers on polymers and high radiation efficiency antennas on textiles, are reviewed. Both the antenna and rectifier can be realized using low-cost fabrication methods such as additively-manufactured circuits and packages, in addition to digital integrated circuits (ICs) for the rectifiers. Finally, this paper provides an overview of future antenna design challenges and research directions for mmWave power harvesting.

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Section: B Previous Wireless Power Harvesting Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Power Harvesting: A Review

Wagih

Weddell

Beeby

2020

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…In the optical regime, rectennas are exploited to convert free space EM optical energy into direct current, having applications in low-power terahertz sensors and wireless communication devices [282]. Rectennas operating at optical wavelengths comprise nanoantennas coupled to fast diodes, as nanoantennas collect electromagnetic energy and coupled diodes convert the high-frequency AC field into DC power [283,284]. Because of technological constraints, harvesting practices for optical energy from terahertz to IR regimes are more difficult, due to the strong dispersive behavior of metal, the absence of high-frequency rectifying diodes with better conversion efficiency and impedance matching between the EM energy collector (antenna) and the rectifier diode.…”

Section: Graphene-based Rectennas For Energy Harvesting Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Development of Tunable Graphene Nanoantennas for Terahertz Optoelectronic and Plasmonic Applications

Ullah

Witjaksono

Nawi

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Exceptional advancement has been made in the development of graphene optical nanoantennas. They are incorporated with optoelectronic devices for plasmonics application and have been an active research area across the globe. The interest in graphene plasmonic devices is driven by the different applications they have empowered, such as ultrafast nanodevices, photodetection, energy harvesting, biosensing, biomedical imaging and high-speed terahertz communications. In this article, the aim is to provide a detailed review of the essential explanation behind graphene nanoantennas experimental proofs for the developments of graphene-based plasmonics antennas, achieving enhanced light–matter interaction by exploiting graphene material conductivity and optical properties. First, the fundamental graphene nanoantennas and their tunable resonant behavior over THz frequencies are summarized. Furthermore, incorporating graphene–metal hybrid antennas with optoelectronic devices can prompt the acknowledgment of multi-platforms for photonics. More interestingly, various technical methods are critically studied for frequency tuning and active modulation of optical characteristics, through in situ modulations by applying an external electric field. Second, the various methods for radiation beam scanning and beam reconfigurability are discussed through reflectarray and leaky-wave graphene antennas. In particular, numerous graphene antenna photodetectors and graphene rectennas for energy harvesting are studied by giving a critical evaluation of antenna performances, enhanced photodetection, energy conversion efficiency and the significant problems that remain to be addressed. Finally, the potential developments in the synthesis of graphene material and technological methods involved in the fabrication of graphene–metal nanoantennas are discussed.

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“…As shown in Figure 1b, the length of a transmission line is equal to the channel length L, which includes a RTD and a RTD-gated-graphene-2DEF.As shown in Figure 1b, a distributed circuit model is established to represent the contributions of NDR and 2DEF to a RTD-gated-graphene-2DEF oscillator. The RTD oscillator is biased by the application of dc voltage to the left antenna [29].…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD) Terahertz Active Transmission Line Oscillator with Graphene-Plasma Wave and Two Graphene Antennas

et al. 2019

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This study describes the design of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillator (RTD oscillator) with a RTD-gated-graphene-2DEF (two dimensional electron fluid) and demonstrates the functioning of this RTD oscillator through a transmission line simulation model. Impedance of the RTD oscillator changes periodically when physical dimension of the device is of considerable fraction of the electrical wavelength. As long as impedance matching is achieved, the oscillation frequency is not limited by the size of the device. An RTD oscillator with a graphene film and negative differential resistance (NDR) will produce power amplification. The positive electrode of the DC power supply is modified and designed as an antenna. So, the reflected power can also be radiated to increase RTD oscillator output power. The output analysis shows that through the optimization of the antenna structure, it is possible to increase the RTD oscillator output to 22 mW at 1.9 THz and 20 mW at 6.1 THz respectively. Furthermore, the RTD oscillator has the potential to oscillate at 50 THz with a matching antenna.

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THz Rectennas and Their Design Rules

Cited by 23 publications

References 91 publications

Millimeter-Wave Power Harvesting: A Review

Millimeter-Wave Power Harvesting: A Review

A Review on the Development of Tunable Graphene Nanoantennas for Terahertz Optoelectronic and Plasmonic Applications

Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD) Terahertz Active Transmission Line Oscillator with Graphene-Plasma Wave and Two Graphene Antennas

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