Thyroid Disorders and Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Thyroid hormones play a very important role regulating metabolism, development, protein synthesis, and influencing other hormone functions. The two main hormones produced by the thyroid are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones can also have significant impact on kidney disease so it is important to consider the physiological association of thyroid dysfunction in relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD has been known to affect the pituitary-thyroid axis and the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Low T3 levels are the most common laboratory finding followed by subclinical hypothyroidism in CKD patients. Hyperthyroidism is usually not associated with CKD but has been known to accelerate it. One of the most important links between thyroid disorders and CKD is uremia. Patients who are appropriately treated for thyroid disease have a less chance of developing renal dysfunction. Clinicians need to be very careful in treating patients with low T3 levels who also have an elevation in TSH, as this can lead to a negative nitrogen balance. Thus, clinicians should be well educated on the role of thyroid hormones in relation to CKD so that proper treatment can be delivered to the patient.

Sonographic assessment of thyroid gland in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

“…This finding agreed with Mohamed et al, who reported: "increased prevalence of thyroid goiter (0%-9%) in patients with CKD". [1] Our finding also agreed with Selma et al, who reported that diffuse goiter is frequently common in HD (p = .0001). They found the mean thyroid volume was significantly higher in HD group (18.88 ± 3.20 ml), comparing to the normal group.…”

“…It was observed these hormones increased after HD. [1] The present study was conducted to assess thyroid disorders in patients suffering from CRF undergoing HD. In the present study, the incidence of thyroid disorders was common in female more than male.…”

“…[1] There are many diseases affect the size of the thyroid gland. The chronic renal failure (CRF) and hemodialysis (HD) have a significant effect on several hormonal and metabolic disorders that cause morphological changes of the gland.…”

The Fasting Serum Insulin and Glucose Levels and the Estimated Insulin Resistance in Clinical and Subclinical Hyperthyroid Patients from Saudi Arabia

“…In a previous study from this laboratory, we observed significantly impaired kidney function of patients with overt hypothyroidism [33]. Although, hyperthyroidism is usually not associated with kidney disease but has been shown to accelerate an initiated disease [34]. Limitations of the present study were the relatively small sample size and that the anthropometric measurements were not recorded.…”

Thyroid dysfunction in patients of chronic kidney disease

“…This study is done to simplify the importance of interactions between thyroid function and kidney disease. 5 The objective of this study was to study the thyroid dysfunction in patients of chronic kidney disease for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism.…”