Thrips resistance in the onion

Jones, Howard A.; Bailey, Stanley F.; Emsweller, S. L.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v08n07p213

Cited by 51 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, caution should be observed with results from such "choice tests" in the Þeld because resistance may not hold up when only one cultivar is grown. Jones et al (1934) observed that inner leaves of susceptible onion cultivars were ßat and closer together, which provided more shelter for T. tabaci. On the contrary, the most resistant cultivar, ÔWhite PersianÕ, has inner leaves with a circular shape that were more separated from each other.…”

Section: Management Of T Tabaci In Onionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Diaz-Montano

Fuchs

Nault³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

152

132

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During the past two decades, onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become a global pest of increasing concern in commercial onion (Allium cepa L.), because of its development of resistance to insecticides, ability to transmit plant pathogens, and frequency of producing more generations at high temperatures. T. tabaci feeds directly on leaves, causing blotches and premature senescence as well as distorted and undersized bulbs. T. tabaci can cause yield loss Ͼ50% but can be even more problematic when it transmits Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV was identiÞed in 1981 in Brazil and has spread to many important onion-producing regions of the world, including several U.S. states. IYSV symptoms include straw-colored, dry, tan, spindle-or diamond-shaped lesions on the leaves and scapes of onion plants and can cause yield loss up to 100%. Here, we review the biology and ecology of T. tabaci and discuss current management strategies based on chemical, biological, and cultural control as well as host resistance. Future directions for research in integrated pest management are examined and discussed.RESUMEN En las ultimas dos dé cadas, el trips de la cebolla, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), se ha convertido en una plaga mundial de alto interé s en cebolla, Allium cepa L., debido a su desarrollo de resistencia a insecticidas, capacidad para transmitir pató genos en plantas, y producció n de mayor numero de generaciones a altas temperaturas. T. tabaci se alimenta directamente sobre las hojas causando manchas, senescencia prematura, asṍ como bulbos pequeñ os y desformados. T. tabaci puede causar perdidas en rendimiento mayores al 50%, pero esta plaga puede ser aun más problemática cuando transmite Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV fue identiÞcado en Brasil en 1981 y desde entonces se ha propagado a importantes regiones productoras de cebolla a nivel mundial, incluyendo diferentes estados en los Estados Unidos. Los sṍntomas del IYSV incluye lesiones secas en forma angular o de diamante, de color café claro en las hojas y tallos de la cebolla y puede producir hasta 100% de perdidas en rendimiento. En este articulo nosotros revisamos la biologṍa y ecologṍa de T. tabaci y presentamos los actuales mé todos de manejo basados en control quṍmico, bioló gico y cultural asṍ como el mé todo de resistencia de plantas a insectos. Las direcciones futuras para investigació n en manejo integrado de esta plaga son analizadas. KEY WORDS Thrips tabaci, Allium cepa, Iris yellow spot virus, managementOnion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has been the subject of considerable research and extension publications since it was Þrst described in 1888 (Lindeman 1889). Some aspects of its biology, ecology, and management have been summarized in T. LewisÕ highly regarded 1997 book, Thrips as Crop Pests, but a considerable amount of detail important for its management on onion (Allium cepa L.)...

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Section: Management Of T Tabaci In Onionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hot and dry weather promotes the increase of T. tabaci populations (Bailey 1934, Rueda et al 2007) and the severity of thrips injury (Lewis 1973). However, it is difÞcult to determine if the effect is nutritional or due to the reduction of mortality from rain (Kirk 1997).…”

Section: Environmental Effects On T Tabaci Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Diaz-Montano

Fuchs

Nault³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

152

132

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“…White Persian, a thrips-resistant variety recently described by Jones, et ale (3), was found to be particularly susceptible, many plants being killed by downy mildew before emergence of the seedstalks. Relatively severe infection occurred in leaves and seed- As indicated later, however, the seedstalks of 13-20-3 were immune from infection at Milpitas in 1937 and 1938 6 when 100 per cent infection was' noted on many commercial varieties.…”

Section: Hizgardiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for resistance to onion downy mildew caused byPeronospora destructor

Jones¹,

Porter²,

Leach³

1939

Hilg

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“…Research on resistance in onion plants to onion thrips has a long history, from Jones et al (1934) to Bocak (1995). Two forms of resistance have been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is the growth form of the plant. Cultivars with open growth and leaves that are circular in cross-section are more resistant than plants with upright leaves that are flatter in crosssection at their base (Jones et al 1934;Coudriet et al 1979). More recent research suggests that there is an association between the waxes on leaves and 63 New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2006, Vol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new bioassay for determining the susceptibility of onion(Allium cepa)bulbs to onion thrips,Thrips tabaci(Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Martin¹,

Workman

2006

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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A series of experiments was conducted to develop a bioassay for determining the susceptibility of Allium plants to adult female onion thrips. Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)) are the main insect pest on onions in New Zealand. This research aimed to develop better methods for determining the susceptibility of Allium species leaves and onion bulbs to onion thrips. Discs, 10mm diam., cut from leek (Allium porrum) and onion (Allium cepa) leaves or onion bulbs, were put singly into small plastic Petri dishes with 1-day-old adult female thrips, and kept at 25 o C in 16 hlight: 8h dark. After 3 days the discs were stained in acid fuchsin and the eggs counted using a stereo microscope with transmitted light. Adult thrips survived equally well on leek leaves and onion bulb scale, but laid more eggs per day on onion leaves than on leek leaves and least on onion bulbs. Thrips laid fewer eggs per day when there was more than one thrips per dish. Changing discs daily or leaving them for 3 days had no effect on the numbers of eggs laid by thrips each day. Four cultivars of onions were grown with 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg nitrogen (N) fertiliser per ha. The susceptibility of bulbs to onion thrips feeding and damage from the highest and lowest N treatments was compared. Analysis of the proportion of discs with more than one egg showed that cultivar 'Kiwigold' (early brown) was more susceptible than 'Meteor' (early red), and 'M&R Regular' (main crop brown) was more susceptible than 'Red Star' (main crop red) to onion thrips. The proportion of discs with more than three eggs was higher for brown onions in the high N treatment than in the low N treatment, suggesting that brown onions from the high N treatment were more susceptible. After 5 months in storage, red onions were softer and had more sprouts than brown onions, and their innermost skins and the outermost scales had more thrips damage. This apparent increase in susceptibility of red onions may be related to changes in the physiology of the outer scale as it shrinks to become a skin. The bioassays confirmed that both genetic (cultivar) and agronomic (N fertiliser) factors affect the susceptibility of onion bulbs to onion thrips.

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Thrips resistance in the onion

Cited by 51 publications

References 18 publications

Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Breeding for resistance to onion downy mildew caused byPeronospora destructor

A new bioassay for determining the susceptibility of onion(Allium cepa)bulbs to onion thrips,Thrips tabaci(Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

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