Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Abstract

During the past two decades, onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become a global pest of increasing concern in commercial onion (Allium cepa L.), because of its development of resistance to insecticides, ability to transmit plant pathogens, and frequency of producing more generations at high temperatures. T. tabaci feeds directly on leaves, causing blotches and premature senescence as well as distorted and undersized bulbs. T. tabaci can cause yield loss Ͼ50% but can be even more problematic when it transmits Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV was identiÞed in 1981 in Brazil and has spread to many important onion-producing regions of the world, including several U.S. states. IYSV symptoms include straw-colored, dry, tan, spindle-or diamond-shaped lesions on the leaves and scapes of onion plants and can cause yield loss up to 100%. Here, we review the biology and ecology of T. tabaci and discuss current management strategies based on chemical, biological, and cultural control as well as host resistance. Future directions for research in integrated pest management are examined and discussed.RESUMEN En las ultimas dos dé cadas, el trips de la cebolla, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), se ha convertido en una plaga mundial de alto interé s en cebolla, Allium cepa L., debido a su desarrollo de resistencia a insecticidas, capacidad para transmitir pató genos en plantas, y producció n de mayor numero de generaciones a altas temperaturas. T. tabaci se alimenta directamente sobre las hojas causando manchas, senescencia prematura, asṍ como bulbos pequeñ os y desformados. T. tabaci puede causar perdidas en rendimiento mayores al 50%, pero esta plaga puede ser aun más problemática cuando transmite Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV fue identiÞcado en Brasil en 1981 y desde entonces se ha propagado a importantes regiones productoras de cebolla a nivel mundial, incluyendo diferentes estados en los Estados Unidos. Los sṍntomas del IYSV incluye lesiones secas en forma angular o de diamante, de color café claro en las hojas y tallos de la cebolla y puede producir hasta 100% de perdidas en rendimiento. En este articulo nosotros revisamos la biologṍa y ecologṍa de T. tabaci y presentamos los actuales mé todos de manejo basados en control quṍmico, bioló gico y cultural asṍ como el mé todo de resistencia de plantas a insectos. Las direcciones futuras para investigació n en manejo integrado de esta plaga son analizadas. KEY WORDS Thrips tabaci, Allium cepa, Iris yellow spot virus, managementOnion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has been the subject of considerable research and extension publications since it was Þrst described in 1888 (Lindeman 1889). Some aspects of its biology, ecology, and management have been summarized in T. LewisÕ highly regarded 1997 book, Thrips as Crop Pests, but a considerable amount of detail important for its management on onion (Allium cepa L.)...

Assessment of Variation Among Thrips tabaci Populations from Georgia and Peru Based on Polymorphisms in Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I and Ribosomal ITS2 Sequences

“…Palabras Clave: Thysanoptera, Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella fusca, cebollas, MIP en hortalizas Thrips, particularly the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, are important insect pests of onions throughout the world (Diaz-Montano et al 2011). The Vidalia onion production region in Georgia, which consists of ~13,000 acres valued at $126,000,000 (Boatwright & McKissick 2009), is an unusual onion production region because the dominant species attacking onions has traditionally been tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) ).…”

Hospedantes alternos de Iris yellow spot virus y trips en cultivos de cebolla de Morelos y Michoacán, México

“…Se ha reportado solo a T. tabaci con alta eficiencia de transmisión del virus (Gent et al, 2004;Diaz-Montano et al, 2011). En México se tiene su presencia en el cultivo de cebolla (Velásquez-Valle et al, 2011), pero solo García- Rodríguez et al (2014) confirmaron la presencia del virus en T. tabaci localizados en el cultivo de ajo.…”

Genome‐wide identification, expression profiling, and target gene analysis of microRNAs in the Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), vectors of tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae)

“…Besides onions, it is known to infest around 300 plant species, including economically important crops such as tobacco, leek, cabbage, pea, melon, lettuce, potato, tomato, carnation (Diaz‐Montano, Fuchs, Nault, Fail, & Shelton, 2011; Lewis, 1997; Mandal et al., 2012). Thrips tabaci is also a vector of two viral pathogens, Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) (Srinivasan et al., 2012) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Pittman, 1927) causing significant disease around the world (German, Ullman, & Moyer, 1992).…”