Thresholds in Nasal Histamine Challenge in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis, Patients with Hyperreflectory Rhinopathy, and Healthy Volunteers

Abstract

The present results indicate that one-sided nasal challenge with histamine at a concentration of 1 mg/mL is sufficient to separate healthy subjects from patients with hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa. However, the test does not differentiate between patients with allergic rhinitis and patients with hyperreflectory rhinitis.

Gene silencing of STAT6 with siRNA ameliorates contact hypersensitivity and allergic rhinitis

“…Nevertheless, ongoing allergic rhinitis has been considered to be a continuous late‐phase response characterized by marked eosinophil infiltration and the release of various inflammatory mediators, including cysteinyl leukotrienes, eosinophil cationic proteins, eosinophil peroxidase and eosinophil major basic protein, following the immediate‐type responses (29). These events cause an increased hyper‐reactivity of nasal mucosa to histamine, as well as to other nonspecific stimuli (29, 30). STAT6 siRNA‐induced suppression of inflammatory cellular infiltrates, in particular, of eosinophils during the repeated elicitation of nasal responses probably led to the prevention of increased nasal hyper‐reactivity, resulting in the improvement in sneezing/nasal rubbing.…”

Variability of the L‐Histidine decarboxylase gene in allergic rhinitis

“…If genetic variations related to histamine metabolism can influence the development of allergic diseases, it is conceivable that subjects carrying SNPs leading to changes in the HDC protein sequence may show altered production of histamine and hence altered susceptibility of diseases in which histamine plays a major role. Such is the case of allergic rhinitis; histamine plasma levels rise significantly during the early response to allergens, and the response to histamine challenge is a clinical marker for both rhinitis and asthma (9–13).…”

Histamine reverses IL-5-afforded human eosinophil survival by inducing apoptosis: Pharmacological evidence for a novel mechanism of action of histamine

“…[20][21][22] Furthermore, even higher concentrations of histamine have been reported to be necessary for the enhancement of apoptosis of neutrophils. [24] In addition, the histamine concentrations used in nasal [41,42] and inhalation [43] challenges are manifold as compared to the effective concentration used in this study. Therefore, it seems likely that levels of histamine similar to those used to induce apoptosis of cytokine-treated human eosinophils in vitro can be achieved locally after histamine challenges used in the diagnosis of asthma and allergic rhinitis, which may be relevant also in vivo.…”