Three-dimensional printing of diamagnetic microparticles in paramagnetic and diamagnetic media

Abstract

We present an analytical model that explains the motion of finite-size diamagnetic particles in paramagnetic or diamagnetic fluid media. Our model problem is the magnetic field-assisted three-dimensional assembly of carboxylate microspheres in a gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) solution that is placed in a cuboid. The trajectory of each microparticle is determined through a time marching solution of its equation of motion. The effects of the (1) magnetic field distribution and (2) magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnetic solution, which depends on the Gd-DTPA concentration, on the dynamics of particle assembly are identified. Validation of the analytical model is provided through experimental measurements. For the first time, we demonstrate that it is possible to form structures of diamagnetic particles in diamagnetic fluid media, for which we select the assembly of graphene in water.

Advances in 3D printing of magnetic materials: Fabrication, properties, and their applications

“…[88,[264][265][266]. When diamagnetic object is placed in an external field, it can be levitated by repelling the applied magnetic field [267,268]. Actually, superconductors are perfect diamagnetic materials which expel the magnetic flux when cooled below the critical temperature.…”

Direct numerical simulation of magneto-Archimedes separation of spherical particles

“…2008; Ghosh et al. 2020). When a particle is allowed to move freely under the combined effect of the magnetic buoyancy force and gravity, new features can occur in the particle motion.…”

“…Furthermore, the existence and stability of an equilibrium at which a particle is eventually levitated provides a useful framework for the investigation of particle motion in liquids within the Stokes regime (near the equilibrium point) and beyond it (farther from the equilibrium) where advective inertial forces are important. The motion of spherical and non-spherical particles in non-magnetic fluids has been the subject of several numerical and experimental investigations, see for instance Jenny, Dušek & Bouchet (2004), Horowitz & Williamson (2010), Elghobashi & Truesdell (1993) and Ern et al (2012), but only a limited number of studies have addressed the dynamics of particles (drops) in magnetic liquids (Ueno, Higashitani & Kamiyama 1995;Korlie et al 2008;Ghosh et al 2020). When a particle is allowed to move freely under the combined effect of the magnetic buoyancy force and gravity, new features can occur in the particle motion.…”

Fibroblasts Accelerate Formation and Improve Reproducibility of 3D Cellular Structures Printed with Magnetic Assistance

“…Magnetic printing is an engineering solution to create reproducible 3D cellular structures that can be used for in vitro cellular studies [ 23 – 28 ]. Here, using a unique bottom-up approach, 3D cellular assemblies can be formed by exploiting the magnetic properties of cells.…”