Advances in 3D printing of magnetic materials: Fabrication, properties, and their applications

Abstract

Magnetic materials are of increasing importance for many essential applications due to their unique magnetic properties. However, due to the limited fabrication ability, magnetic materials are restricted by simple geometric shapes. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a highly versatile technique that can be utilized for constructing magnetic materials. The shape flexibility of magnets unleashes opportunities for magnetic composites with reducing post-manufacturing costs, motivating the review on 3D printing of magnetic materials. This paper focuses on recent achievements of magnetic materials using 3D printing technologies, followed by the characterization of their magnetic properties, which are further enhanced by modification. Interestingly, the corresponding properties depend on the intrinsic nature of starting materials, 3D printing processing parameters, and the optimized structural design. More emphasis is placed on the functional applications of 3D-printed magnetic materials in different fields. Lastly, the current challenges and future opportunities are also addressed.

Effects of electric field and light on resistivity switching of Eu0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films

“…It is surprisingly found that layered magnetoelectric composite thin film materials have many excellent ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, magnetoelectric coupling properties and can be used at room temperature, so they are expected to be used in a new generation of magnetoelectric functional devices. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Ferroelectric single crystal materials have excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, and can be used as the substrates of magnetoelectric composite thin films. By growing various functional films on ferroelectric substrates, a range of materials with novel physical effects have been discovered.…”

3D‐printed green and low‐cost porous g‐C3N4/geopolymer components for the removal of methylene blue from wastewater

“…Among them, 3D printing technologies have been demonstrated to be useful and convenient 23 . Direct ink writing (DIW) is a popular 3D printing technology because of its low manufacturing cost, processing efficiency and simple operation 23–26 . Meanwhile, parts produced by DIW have been widely used in the field of photocatalysis and adsorption, as the manufacturing approach allows to control the architectural design of the components.…”

“…23 Direct ink writing (DIW) is a popular 3D printing technology because of its low manufacturing cost, processing efficiency and simple operation. [23][24][25][26] Meanwhile, parts produced by DIW have been widely used in the field of photocatalysis and adsorption, as the manufacturing approach allows to control the architectural design of the components. Typically, the use of a binder in the ink formulation containing the active particles (photocatalyst and/or adsorbent), which occupy a significant volume fraction without contributing to the removal of organic pollutants, results in a decline in the overall adsorption and degradation capacity.…”

Composite magnetic 3D-printing filament fabrication protocol opens new perspectives in magnetic hyperthermia

“…In the last few years, although the 'marriage' of 3D technology and the production of magnetic composites has already begun [23][24][25], with a lot of groups working on the design and the fabrication of 3D-printed magnetic composite scaffolds [26][27][28][29][30], for biomedical use [31], and more specifically for bone tissue engineering, for targeted drug delivery [32] and magnetic hyperthermia [33,34], either with or without the mixing of MNPs, the need for establishing a composite magnetic 3D-printing filament fabrication protocol seems more demanding than ever. Many groups investigated combinations of magnetic materials [35] with polymer matrixes [36][37][38][39][40][41] to finally construct a respective filament to be used as a source to create 3D-printed polymer magnetic scaffolds [42], but none of them studied the influence of the filament fabrication protocol steps on the final application of the magnetic scaffolds.…”