Three-dimensional micro flow manifolds for miniaturized chemical analysis systems

Verpoorte, Elisabeth; Schoot, B.H. van der; Jeanneret, S.; Manz, Andreas; Widmer, Hans; Rooij, N. F. de

doi:10.1088/0960-1317/4/4/009

Cited by 83 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One example is a micro total analysis system (µ-TAS) 6 , in which sample treatment, handling, and detection are performed with three-dimensional micro-flow manifolds. 7 A new attempt to realize analytical chemistry in a liquid micro space has been studied using capillary electrophoresis or capillary electrochromatography. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Many studies dealing with electrically driven separation techniques on a chip have been reported, such as capillary electrophoresis [8][9][10][11][12] , free-flow electrophoresis 13 , open-channel electrochromatography 14 , micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography 15 , capillary gel electrophoresis 16 , sizing of DNA restriction fragments 17,18 and so on.…”

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confidence: 99%

Integration of Flow Injection Analysis and Zeptomole-Level Detection of the Fe(II)-o-Phenanthroline Complex

et al. 1999

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Microchannels having a 150×100 µm cross section were fabricated in a quartz glass chip as a component in an integrated flow injection analysis (FIA) system. They were put to use for flow, mixing, reaction, and detection. The reaction system was a chelating reaction of divalent iron ion with o-phenanthroline (o-phen), and a photothermal microscope was applied for the ultra-sensitive detection of the non-fluorescent reaction product. Nano liter levels of solutions were introduced and transported by capillary action and mixed by molecular diffusion. Zeptomole levels of the reaction product were detected quantitatively. This was the first demonstration of an on-chip chemical determination device which integrates the primitive FIA system without using electroosmotic liquid control or fluorometric determination.

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confidence: 99%

Integration of Flow Injection Analysis and Zeptomole-Level Detection of the Fe(II)-o-Phenanthroline Complex

et al. 1999

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“…MEMS is the technology of miniature actuators, valves, pumps, sensors and other such mechanisms, and when controlling fluids it is known as MEMS micro-flow device technology. [EE92,VSJMWR92,MEBH92]. Some of the current limits of BMC stem from the labor intensive nature of the laboratory work, the error rates, and the large volumes needed for certain bio-molecular reactions to occur (e.g., for searching and associative matching in wet data bases).…”

Section: Enabling Technologies and Experimental Paradigms For Bmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Computational Models: A Comparison of Biomolecular and Quantum Computation

Reif

1998

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Molecular Computation (MC) is massively parallel computation where data is stored and processed within objects of molecular size. Biomolecular Computation (BMC) is MC using biotechnology techniques, e.g. recombinant DNA operations. In contrast, Quantum Computation (QC) is a type of computation where unitary and measurement operations are executed on linear superpositions of basis states. Both BMC and QC may be executed at the micromolecular scale by a variety of methodologies and technologies. This paper surveys various methods for doing BMC and QC and discusses the considerable theoretical and practical advances in BMC and QC made in the last few years. We compare bounds on key resource such as time, volume (number of molecules times molecular density), energy and error rates achievable, taking particular note of the scalability of these methods with the size of the problem solved. In addition to NP search problems and database search problems, we enumerate a wide variety of further potential practical applications of BMC and QC.We observe that certain problems (e.g., NP search problems), if solved with polynomial time bounds, requires exponentially large volume for BMC, so BMC does not scale well to solve very large NP search problems. However, we describe a number of applications (e.g., search within large data bases and simulation of parallel machines) where the volume grows polynomial.Also, we note that the observation operation of QC, which is a fundamental operation of QC used for obtaining classical output, may potentially suffer from exponentially large volume requirements. Observation operations in quantum physics are generally done by a macroscopic measurement apparatus, and the original formulations of QC implicity assumed that macroscopic measurement apparatus would be used for QC. However, if the measurement apparatus is very small, it will be subject to quantum effects. At this time, no one has demonstrated or proved that the observation operation (for a quantum system with n entangled qubits) can even be approximated within a larger unitary quantum system in volume growing less than exponentially with n. Hence it is unknown whether QC (with the observation operation) scales to even moderate numbers of qubits within small volume. We pose a major open problem in QC: to determine (i.e., provide a formal proof) whether or not observation, in a closed quantum system, can be approximated in small volume: say, growing as a polynomial in the number of qubits.We also discuss techniques for decreasing errors in BMC (e.g., annealing errors) and QC (e.g., decoherence errors), and volume where possible, to insure the scalability of BMC and QC to problems of large input size. In addition, we consider how BMC might be used to assist QC (e.g., to do observation operations for Bulk QC) and also how quantum techniques might be used to assist BMC (e.g., to do exquisite detection of very small quantities of a molecule in solution within a large volume).

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“…The upper thin glass plate, acts as pumping membrane driven by a ceramic piezoelectric disc glued on top of the plate. Detection is provided by either solid state electro-chemical sensors or by small volume optical detectors [3].…”

Section: Miniaturized Chemical Analysis Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examples of Silicon Based Microsystems

Rooij

1995

IEEJ Trans. SM

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Three-dimensional micro flow manifolds for miniaturized chemical analysis systems

Cited by 83 publications

References 53 publications

Integration of Flow Injection Analysis and Zeptomole-Level Detection of the Fe(II)-o-Phenanthroline Complex

Integration of Flow Injection Analysis and Zeptomole-Level Detection of the Fe(II)-o-Phenanthroline Complex

Alternative Computational Models: A Comparison of Biomolecular and Quantum Computation

Examples of Silicon Based Microsystems

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