Three-dimensional longitudinal assessment of facial symmetry in adolescents

Djordjević, Jelena; Pirttiniemi, Pertti; Harila, Virpi; Heikkinen, Tuomo; Toma, Arshed M.; Zhurov, Alexei I.; Richmond, Stephen

doi:10.1093/ejo/cjr006

Cited by 56 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is in accordance with previous studies that report a greater facial asymmetry in subjects with unilateral functional CB, particularly in the lower part of the face. 3 Previous studies have shown that sex and age do not affect facial asymmetry, 22,29 which is in accordance with the results of the present study. Furthermore, no significant differences were seen in the facial parameters within each group (CB and no CB) according to different dentition phases for the upper and lower facial parts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases

Primožič

Perinetti

Richmond

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To assess the degree of facial asymmetry associated with subjects with unilateral functional crossbite (CB) in the primary, early/intermediate, and late mixed dentition phases in comparison with a group of subjects without CB. Subjects and Methods: A group of 234 white subjects, 78 with CB (42 girls and 36 boys) and 156 without CB (73 girls and 83 boys), aged 3.9-11.9, grouped according to the dentition phase, were included. Three-dimensional laser scans of the subjects' faces were used to assess facial asymmetry. For each part of the face two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to assess differences among the subjects, and an independent sample t-test was used to assess the significance of the differences between data sets. Results: Within all dentition phases, the subjects with CB had statistically significantly greater facial asymmetry of the whole face than the subjects without CB, with the greatest values in the lower part of the face (P , .05). In the middle part of the face a significant difference was observed in the mixed dentition phases. Conclusions: Children with unilateral functional CB exhibited a greater facial asymmetry than children without this malocclusion in all the dentition phases herein investigated. The greatest differences were seen for the lower part of the face. Further, facial asymmetry in the middle part of the face became clinically relevant in combination with the transition from primary to mixed dentition phase. (Angle Orthod. 2013;83:253-258.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases

Primožič

Perinetti

Richmond

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…6,7,23,24 Interestingly, our study used stimuli that varied the symmetry of the whole face from 50% less symmetric than the true face to perfect symmetry. Accordingly, the stimuli we used provide a reasonable representation of the range of asymmetry encountered in clinical practice, and our data give further insight to the nature of face symmetry judgment by both clinicians and laypersons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face symmetry assessment abilities: Clinical implications for diagnosing asymmetry

Jackson

Mitroff

Clark

et al. 2013

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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Introduction An accurate assessment of face symmetry is necessary for the development of a dentofacial diagnosis in orthodontics, and an understanding of individual differences in perception of face symmetry between patients and providers is needed to facilitate successful treatment. Methods Orthodontists, general dentists, and control participants completed a series of tasks to assess symmetry. Judgments were made on pairs of upright faces (similar to the longitudinal assessment of photographic patient records), inverted faces, and dot patterns. Participants completed questionnaires regarding clinical practice, education level, and self-confidence ratings for symmetry assessment abilities. Results Orthodontists showed expertise compared with controls (P <0.001), whereas dentists showed no advantage over controls. Orthodontists performed better than dentists, however, in only the most difficult face symmetry judgments (P = 0.006). For both orthodontists and dentists, accuracy increased significantly when assessing symmetry in upright vs inverted faces (t = 3.7, P = 0.001; t = 2.7, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Orthodontists showed expertise in assessing face symmetry compared with both laypersons and general dentists, and they were more accurate when judging upright than inverted faces. When using accurate longitudinal photographic records to assess changing face symmetry, orthodontists are likely to be incorrect in less than 15% of cases, suggesting that assistance from some additional technology is infrequently needed for diagnosis.

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“…It is increasingly being reported in the literature that 3D facial scanners can be used in oral clinic, with the 3D facial models acquired by scanners being used for 3D quantitative diagnostic and treatment evaluation [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. The accuracy of facial scanners in oral and maxillofacial clinical practice is a major focus of current research [11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Facial Scan for Facial Deformities in Clinics: A New Evaluation Method for Facial Scanner Accuracy

Zhao¹,

Xiong²,

Wang³

2017

PLoS ONE

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In this study, the practical accuracy (PA) of optical facial scanners for facial deformity patients in oral clinic was evaluated. Ten patients with a variety of facial deformities from oral clinical were included in the study. For each patient, a three-dimensional (3D) face model was acquired, via a high-accuracy industrial “line-laser” scanner (Faro), as the reference model and two test models were obtained, via a “stereophotography” (3dMD) and a “structured light” facial scanner (FaceScan) separately. Registration based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm was executed to overlap the test models to reference models, and “3D error” as a new measurement indicator calculated by reverse engineering software (Geomagic Studio) was used to evaluate the 3D global and partial (upper, middle, and lower parts of face) PA of each facial scanner. The respective 3D accuracy of stereophotography and structured light facial scanners obtained for facial deformities was 0.58±0.11 mm and 0.57±0.07 mm. The 3D accuracy of different facial partitions was inconsistent; the middle face had the best performance. Although the PA of two facial scanners was lower than their nominal accuracy (NA), they all met the requirement for oral clinic use.

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Three-dimensional longitudinal assessment of facial symmetry in adolescents

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases

Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases

Face symmetry assessment abilities: Clinical implications for diagnosing asymmetry

Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Facial Scan for Facial Deformities in Clinics: A New Evaluation Method for Facial Scanner Accuracy

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