Thin plate smoothing spline interpolation of daily rainfall for New Zealand using a climatological rainfall surface

Tait, Andrew; Henderson, Roddy; Turner, Richard; Zheng, Xunhua

doi:10.1002/joc.1350

Cited by 351 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rainfall observations for the period 1972-2014 were used from the Virtual Climate Station Network (VCSN), which takes measurements from 600 sites around New Zealand and creates a 5 km × 5 km data field using a thin-plate smoothing spline interpolation (Tait et al 2006). Extremely large ensembles of simulations of a regiona l climate model ca me from t he "climateprediction.net" project (Allen 1999) running the "weather@home" experiment for the Australia/ New Zealand (ANZ) region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Extreme Events of 2014 from a Climate Perspective

Herring¹,

Hoerling²,

Kossin³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

114

117

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Extreme Events of 2014 from a Climate Perspective

Herring¹,

Hoerling²,

Kossin³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

114

117

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show abstract

“…1) are shown. (b) Mean annual precipitation surface (Tait et al, 2006). Precipitation isolines are shown in 500 mm intervals.…”

Section: Last Glacial Maximum Ice Extent In the Central North Islandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Last Glacial Maximum in the central North Island, New Zealand: palaeoclimate inferences from glacier modelling

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions provide data for evaluating the mechanisms of past, natural climate variability. Geometries of former mountain glaciers, constrained by moraine mapping, afford the opportunity to reconstruct palaeoclimate, due to the close relationship between ice extent and local climate. In this study, we present results from a series of experiments using a 2-D coupled energy balance-ice flow model that investigate the palaeoclimate significance of Last Glacial Maximum moraines within nine catchments in the central North Island, New Zealand. We find that the former ice limits can be simulated when present-day temperatures are reduced by between 4 and 7 • C, if precipitation remains unchanged from present. The spread in the results between the nine catchments is likely to represent the combination of chronological and model uncertainties. The majority of catchments targeted require temperature decreases of 5.1 to 6.3 • C to simulate the former glaciers, which represents our best estimate of the temperature anomaly in the central North Island, New Zealand, during the Last Glacial Maximum. A decrease in precipitation of up to 25 % from present, as suggested by proxy evidence and climate models, increases the magnitude of the required temperature changes by up to 0.8 • C. Glacier model experiments using reconstructed topographies that exclude the volume of post-glacial (< 15 ka) volcanism generally increased the magnitude of cooling required to simulate the former ice limits by up to 0.5 • C. Our palaeotemperature estimates expand the spatial coverage of proxy-based quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in New Zealand. Our results are also consistent with independent, proximal temperature reconstructions from fossil groundwater and pollen assemblages, as well as similar glacier modelling reconstructions from the central Southern Alps, which suggest air temperatures were ca. 6 • C lower than present across New Zealand during the Last Glacial Maximum.

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“…Pacific plate rocks are uplifted in the Alpine Fault hanging wall into the path of the prevailing westerly winds from the Tasman Sea and Southern Ocean, to produce a strongly asymmetric pattern of orographic weather and erosion (Hicks et al 1996), with heavy (> 10 m a À1 ) rainfall on the windward western side of the mountains and near arid conditions (< 1 m a À1 ) in the east (Tait et al 2006;. A near-continuous midupper crustal geological section has been exposed by differential uplift and erosion resulting in amphibolite facies Alpine schist adjacent to the Alpine Fault, grading through greenschist facies schist and pumpellyite-actinolite facies semi-schist at the main drainage divide (Main Divide), to prehnite-pumpellyite facies greywacke sandstone in the south-east ( Fig.…”

Section: Setting and Context Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%