Changes in hot spring temperature and hydrogeology of the Alpine Fault hanging wall, New Zealand, induced by distal South Island earthquakes

Cox, Simon C.; Menzies, C.D.; Sutherland, Rupert; Denys, Paul; Chamberlain, C. J.; Teagle, D. A. H.

doi:10.1002/9781119166573.ch19

Cited by 19 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We expect permeability to be low within cataclasites near the principal slip zone and minor fault splays 29 , and that these cataclasites and splays will be barriers to fault-normal flow. We expect high permeability within the damage zone, producing an aquifer that enhances fault-parallel flow, and beneath mountains of the hanging wall where warm springs are common 30 . The region of relatively low geothermal gradient at the base of DFDP-2B (Fig.…”

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Sutherland

Townend

Toy

et al. 2017

Nature

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105

174

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Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Sutherland

Townend

Toy

et al. 2017

Nature

Self Cite

105

174

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“…Other factors influencing fluid flow in fractured rock are the thermo‐hydro‐chemo‐mechanical (THCM) properties of the host rock, and in situ stress conditions [e.g., Bense et al , ; Ingebritsen and Gleeson , ; Micklethwaite et al , ; Rutqvist and Stephansson , ; Stober and Bucher , ]. Less research has been performed on the influence of larger‐scale geological processes and conditions such as contact or regional metamorphism [ Achtziger‐Zupančič et al , ; Baudoin and Gay , ; Matter et al , ], regional stress regime [ Faulkner and Armitage , ], seismotectonic activity [e.g., Cox et al , ; Kitagawa et al , ; Manga et al , ; Wang and Manga , ] or geological history [ Ranjram et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new global database to improve predictions of permeability distribution in crystalline rocks at site scale

2017

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A comprehensive worldwide permeability data set has been compiled consisting of 29,000 in situ permeabilities from 221 publications and reports and delineating the permeability distribution in crystalline rocks into depths of 2000 meters below ground surface (mbgs). We analyze the influence of technical factors (measurement method, scale effects, preferential sampling, and hydraulic anisotropy) and geological factors (lithology, current stress regime, current seismotectonic activity, and long‐term tectonogeological history) on the permeability distribution with depth, by using regression analysis and k‐means clustering. The influence of preferential sampling and hydraulic anisotropy are negligible. A scale dependency is observed based on calculated rock test volumes equaling 0.6 orders of magnitude of permeability change per order of magnitude of rock volume tested. Based on the entire data set, permeability decreases as log(k) = −1.5 × log(z) − 16.3 with permeability k (m2) and positively increasing depth z (km), and depth is the main factor driving the permeability distribution. The permeability variance is about 2 orders of magnitude at all depths, presumably representing permeability variations around brittle fault zones. Permeability and specific yield/storage exhibit similar depth trends. While in the upper 200 mbgs fracture flow varies between confined and unconfined, we observe confined fracture and matrix flow below about 600 mbgs depth. The most important geological factors are current seismotectonic activity (determined by peak ground acceleration) and long‐term tectonogeological history (determined by geological province). The impact of lithology is less important. Based on the regression coefficients derived for all the geological key factors, permeability ranges of crystalline rocks at site scale can be predicted. First tests with independent data sets are promising.

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“…The fault constitution and the fracture network also evolve with time, as potential mineralized fluids may corrode or seal permeable structures, respectively, enhancing or reducing the permeability. Fluid-rock interaction may interplay with the seismic cycle, where pore pressure and stress orientation are also known to be essential factors influencing fractures or breccia pores opening; as such, they maintain fluid flow [28,[44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault-Related Controls on Upward Hydrothermal Flow: An Integrated Geological Study of the Têt Fault System, Eastern Pyrénées (France)

et al. 2017

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The way faults control upward fluid flow in nonmagmatic hydrothermal systems in extensional context is still unclear. In the Eastern Pyrénées, an alignment of twenty-nine hot springs (29 ∘ C to 73 ∘ C), along the normal Têt fault, offers the opportunity to study this process. Using an integrated multiscale geological approach including mapping, remote sensing, and macro-and microscopic analyses of fault zones, we show that emergence is always located in crystalline rocks at gneiss-metasediments contacts, mostly in the Têt fault footwall. The hot springs distribution is related to high topographic reliefs, which are associated with fault throw and segmentation. In more detail, emergence localizes either (1) in brittle fault damage zones at the intersection between the Têt fault and subsidiary faults or (2) in ductile faults where dissolution cavities are observed along foliations, allowing juxtaposition of metasediments. Using these observations and 2D simple numerical simulation, we propose a hydrogeological model of upward hydrothermal flow. Meteoric fluids, infiltrated at high elevation in the fault footwall relief, get warmer at depth because of the geothermal gradient. Topography-related hydraulic gradient and buoyancy forces cause hot fluid rise along permeability anisotropies associated with lithological juxtapositions, fracture, and fault zone compositions.

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Changes in hot spring temperature and hydrogeology of the Alpine Fault hanging wall, New Zealand, induced by distal South Island earthquakes

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

A new global database to improve predictions of permeability distribution in crystalline rocks at site scale

Fault-Related Controls on Upward Hydrothermal Flow: An Integrated Geological Study of the Têt Fault System, Eastern Pyrénées (France)

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