Thin Film Structure of Tin(II) Iodide

Kostko, V. S.; Kostko, O.V.; Маковецкий, Г. И.; Yanushkevich, K. I.

doi:10.1002/1521-3951(200202)229:3<1349::aid-pssb1349>3.0.co;2-r

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[39] The structure is stable at slightly higher temperatures (and in evaporated thin films) as β-SnI 2 (hexagonal) is a tridimensional network of edge-sharing tin-iodide octahedra. [40] Both phases are structurally different from PbI 2 and careful engineering of the AX solution is required to enhance the degree of conversion to perovskite, suggesting that SnI 2 is a perovskite precursor of lower quality than PbI 2 . Notably, Sn 1x Pb x I 2 compounds crystallize in the PbI 2 structure, [39] which could explain the relatively more effective processing of mixed leadtin perovskites in respect to pure tin.…”

Section: Alternatives To Dmsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites

Pascual

Girolamo

Flatken

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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In 2020 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the ever-present solvent for tin halide perovskites, was identified as an oxidant for Sn II . Nonetheless, alternatives are lacking and few efforts have been devoted to replacing it. To understand this trend it is indispensable to learn the importance of DMSO on the development of tin halide perovskites. Its unique properties have allowed processing compact thin-films to be integrated into tin perovskite solar cells. Creative approaches for controlling the perovskite crystallization or increasing its stability to oxidation have been developed relying on DMSObased inks. However, increasingly sophisticated strategies appear to lead the field to a plateau of power conversion efficiency in the range of 10-15 %. And, while DMSO-based formulations have performed in encouraging means so far, we should also start considering their potential limitations. In this concept article, we discuss the benefits and limitations of DMSO-based tin perovskite processing.

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Section: Alternatives To Dmsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites

Pascual

Girolamo

Flatken

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to investigate the phase change of thin films. The evaporated SnI 2 was identified as hexagonal β-SnI 2 , and the grains were strongly textured toward the [100] direction (Figure a) . When the PEAI-deposition thickness was 16 nm or less, a peak of cubic SnI 4 was observed because of the poor stability of Sn 2+ during the time required for the XRD analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evaporated SnI 2 was identified as hexagonal β-SnI 2 , and the grains were strongly textured toward the [100] direction (Figure 2a). 25 When the PEAI-deposition thickness was 16 nm or less, a peak of cubic SnI 4 was observed because of the poor stability of Sn 2+ during the time required for the XRD analysis. It is known that SnI 2 degraded to SnI 4 and SnO 2 in air.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sn Perovskite Solar Cells via 2D/3D Bilayer Formation through a Sequential Vapor Process

et al. 2020

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Sn-based perovskite solar cells are attracting great attention because of their potential for efficiency enhancement and their relative eco-friendliness compared with Pb-based perovskite solar cells. The main challenges lie in improving the oxidation stability and ensuring a uniform morphology of the Snbased perovskite films. Here, we introduce a bilayer structure of 2D PEA 2 SnI 4 and 3D MASnI 3 perovskite (PEA = phenethylammonium; MA = methylammonium) formed by a sequential vapor process that combines vacuum deposition and vapor reaction. The vapor process ensures that the perovskite thin films are uniform and enables the fabrication of an upper layer with fine thickness control without damaging the lower layer. With the introduction of the 2D layer, Sn oxidation is suppressed and the crystallinity of the 3D layer is enhanced. A planar-type solar cell fabricated using the optimized 2D/3D structure exhibits an average efficiency of 9.2 ± 0.2%.

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“…Equation presents the overall stoichiometry of the conversion process. Interestingly, this reaction leads to large volume increase by a factor of 8.35 and 4.60 for Pb and Sn perovskite, respectively . The thickness of metal precursors for the fabrication of perovskite film is controlled according to these volume ratios.…”

Section: Average Weight Percentage Values Of Pb–sn Alloys (Fabricatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Grain Tin‐Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique

et al. 2018

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Fast research progress on lead halide perovskite solar cells has been achieved in the past a few years. However, the presence of lead (Pb) in perovskite composition as a toxic element still remains a major issue for large-scale deployment. In this work, a novel and facile technique is presented to fabricate tin (Sn)-rich perovskite film using metal precursors and an alloying technique. Herein, the perovskite films are formed as a result of the reaction between Sn/Pb binary alloy metal precursors and methylammonium iodide (MAI) vapor in a chemical vapor deposition process carried out at 185 °C. It is found that in this approach the Pb/Sn precursors are first converted to (Pb/Sn)I and further reaction with MAI vapor leads to the formation of perovskite films. By using Pb-Sn eutectic alloy, perovskite films with large grain sizes up to 5 µm can be grown directly from liquid phase metal. Consequently, using an alloying technique and this unique growth mechanism, a less-toxic and efficient perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.04% is demonstrated, while pure Sn and Pb perovskite solar cells prepared in this manner yield PCEs of 4.62% and 14.21%, respectively. It is found that this alloying technique can open up a new direction to further explore different alloy systems (binary or ternary alloys) with even lower melting point.

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Thin Film Structure of Tin(II) Iodide

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites

Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites

Sn Perovskite Solar Cells via 2D/3D Bilayer Formation through a Sequential Vapor Process

Large‐Grain Tin‐Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique

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