Abstract:Imaging in the infrared wavelength range has been fundamental in scientific, military and surveillance applications. Currently, it is a crucial enabler of new industries such as autonomous mobility (for obstacle detection), augmented reality (for eye tracking) and biometrics. Ubiquitous deployment of infrared cameras (on a scale similar to visible cameras) is however prevented by high manufacturing cost and low resolution related to the need of using image sensors based on flip-chip hybridization. One way to e… Show more
“…Many nanosensors depend on the use of uncommon electronic/optical devices to perform and cannot operate by using equipments that are immediately available in most diagnostic laboratories. Moreover, many such nanosensors may require specifically trained personnel either to operate the reading devices or to interpret the readouts [63][64][65][66][67] . Although the sensitivity and specificity of many published nanosensors are spectacular, those mentioned constraints might represent significant barriers to the sensors' use, especially in developing and under-developed countries where they are frequently so desperately needed.…”
the Flaviviridae virus family was named after the Yellow-fever virus, and the latin term flavi means "of golden color". Dengue, caused by Dengue virus (DENV), is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. A sensitive and differential diagnosis is crucial for patient management, especially due to the occurrence of serological cross-reactivity to other co-circulating flaviviruses. This became particularly important with the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in areas were DENV seroprevalence was already high. We developed a sensitive and specific diagnostic test based on gold nanorods (GNR) functionalized with DENV proteins as nanosensors. These were able to detect as little as one picogram of anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies and highly diluted DENV-positive human sera. The nanosensors could differentiate DENV-positive sera from other flavivirus-infected patients, including ZIKV, and were even able to distinguish which DENV serotype infected individual patients. Readouts are obtained in ELISA-plate spectrophotometers without the need of specific devices. Dengue is an arboviral infection that is endemic in countries of Asia, Oceania, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about 40% of the world's population live in regions where the risk of dengue transmission is high 1. The last comprehensive study on global dengue burden has put the number of yearly infections in about 390 million 2 and even though the study was published a few years ago the World Health Organization (WHO) still consider those as the most likely actual numbers 3,4. Dengue virus (DENV), the pathogen that causes dengue fever and other manifestations, is classified as part of the Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family. The family was named after the Yellow fever virus (YFV) and the Latin particle Flavi means "of golden color"-a reference to the onset of jaundice observed in YFV-infected patients. Flaviviruses are enveloped viruses whose genome encodes just one open reading frame (ORF) that codifies a single polyprotein. During the virus replication cycle the polyprotein is cleaved in three structural and seven nonstructural polypeptides by virus-coded or cell proteases 5. The DENV Envelope protein (DENV E) is an immunodominant polypeptide that is inserted into the virus envelope and exposed on the virus surface, mediating the adsorption to host cells and membrane fusion upon cell entry 6. There are four known DENV serotypes which are genetically and antigenically distinct, and each one is able to cause clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease or even death 7,8. DENV infections by any serotype induce protective immune responses against subsequent infections with the same serotype, whereas heterotypic secondary infections may lead to exacerbated viral multiplication and the development of severe disease 9-11. The Zika virus (ZIKV) (a closely related flavivirus
“…Many nanosensors depend on the use of uncommon electronic/optical devices to perform and cannot operate by using equipments that are immediately available in most diagnostic laboratories. Moreover, many such nanosensors may require specifically trained personnel either to operate the reading devices or to interpret the readouts [63][64][65][66][67] . Although the sensitivity and specificity of many published nanosensors are spectacular, those mentioned constraints might represent significant barriers to the sensors' use, especially in developing and under-developed countries where they are frequently so desperately needed.…”
the Flaviviridae virus family was named after the Yellow-fever virus, and the latin term flavi means "of golden color". Dengue, caused by Dengue virus (DENV), is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. A sensitive and differential diagnosis is crucial for patient management, especially due to the occurrence of serological cross-reactivity to other co-circulating flaviviruses. This became particularly important with the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in areas were DENV seroprevalence was already high. We developed a sensitive and specific diagnostic test based on gold nanorods (GNR) functionalized with DENV proteins as nanosensors. These were able to detect as little as one picogram of anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies and highly diluted DENV-positive human sera. The nanosensors could differentiate DENV-positive sera from other flavivirus-infected patients, including ZIKV, and were even able to distinguish which DENV serotype infected individual patients. Readouts are obtained in ELISA-plate spectrophotometers without the need of specific devices. Dengue is an arboviral infection that is endemic in countries of Asia, Oceania, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about 40% of the world's population live in regions where the risk of dengue transmission is high 1. The last comprehensive study on global dengue burden has put the number of yearly infections in about 390 million 2 and even though the study was published a few years ago the World Health Organization (WHO) still consider those as the most likely actual numbers 3,4. Dengue virus (DENV), the pathogen that causes dengue fever and other manifestations, is classified as part of the Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family. The family was named after the Yellow fever virus (YFV) and the Latin particle Flavi means "of golden color"-a reference to the onset of jaundice observed in YFV-infected patients. Flaviviruses are enveloped viruses whose genome encodes just one open reading frame (ORF) that codifies a single polyprotein. During the virus replication cycle the polyprotein is cleaved in three structural and seven nonstructural polypeptides by virus-coded or cell proteases 5. The DENV Envelope protein (DENV E) is an immunodominant polypeptide that is inserted into the virus envelope and exposed on the virus surface, mediating the adsorption to host cells and membrane fusion upon cell entry 6. There are four known DENV serotypes which are genetically and antigenically distinct, and each one is able to cause clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease or even death 7,8. DENV infections by any serotype induce protective immune responses against subsequent infections with the same serotype, whereas heterotypic secondary infections may lead to exacerbated viral multiplication and the development of severe disease 9-11. The Zika virus (ZIKV) (a closely related flavivirus
“…These values are actually limited by technology and more specifically by the indium bump hybridization to the read-out circuit, which becomes very complex for size below 10 μm. There is, in this sense, a true opportunity for quantum dots here (Malinowski et al, 2017 ). Because the active layer can be directly deposited on a CMOS read-out circuit, demonstration of pixel sizes below 10 μm will bring a significant advantage to CQDs.…”
Infrared (IR) sensors based on epitaxially grown semiconductors face two main challenges which are their prohibitive cost and the difficulty to rise the operating temperature. The quest for alternative technologies which will tackle these two difficulties requires the development of new IR active materials. Over the past decade, significant progresses have been achieved. In this perspective, we summarize the current state of the art relative to nanocrystal based IR sensing and stress the main materials, devices and industrial challenges which will have to be addressed over the 5 next years.
“…Semiconductor-based photodiodes, as a photoelectric sensing component to convert optical signals into photocurrent, has been widely studied and applied in many areas, such as image sensing, environmental monitoring, surveillance and spectroscopy. [1][2][3][4] Schottky barrier photodiodes are considered superior to p-i-n photodiodes, metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes, and so on, in terms of their low power consumption, large current, and ultrahigh response speed. [5][6][7][8] Recently, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, which are formed by stacking different two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors vertically through vdW forces, have attracted the interest of a growing number of researchers.…”
The adsorption of Li-ions on the bottom site contributes to improve the photodetectivity and photoresponsivity in B/C4N4 vdW heterojunction photodiode, owing to the elimination of interlayer Schottky barrier.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.