Thiamine hydrochloride: An efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives at ambient temperature

Abstract

Quinoxaline derivatives have been synthesized in high to excellent yields in the presence of thiamine hydrochloride (VB 1) as an inexpensive, non-toxic and metal ion free catalyst at ambient temperature.

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Covalently Functionalized with Biocompatible Vitamin B1: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Superior Performance for Synthesis of Quinoxalines

“…The use of heterogeneous catalysts has become an essential inspiration for chemists to develop sustainable methods for the synthesis of organic compounds. In view of this, a variety of catalysts such as heterogeneous carbon-based materials, glycerol, CAN, I 2 , polyaniline sulfate, Montmorillonite K-10, oxalic acid, VB 1, and Zn­[( l )­proline] have been employed to carry out this condensation. − Although some of these reported methods suffer from a number of demerits including prolonged reaction times, the use of toxic organic solvents, a low yield of the product, the use of costly catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions. Hence, a great deal of interest has been focused on the development of environmentally, efficient, and recyclable benign catalytic methods for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives.…”

Quinoxaline as a potent heterocyclic moiety

“…Pawar et al synthesized quinoxaline derivatives in high to excellent yields in the presence of thiamine hydrochloride (VB1) as an inexpensive, nontoxic and metal ion free catalyst at ambient temperature. [24] 14. Heravi et al found o-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX), a readily available hypervalent iodine (V) reagent, to be highly effective in synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives, from 1,2-diketones and ophenylenediamines at room temperature in very high yields.…”

Natural vs. Synthetic Phosphate as Efficient Heterogeneous Compounds for Synthesis of Quinoxalines

“…Quinoxaline moiety has been used for the synthesis of biologically active compounds with antitumor [20,21], antiviral [22], anti-inflammatory [23], anti-HIV [24] and anticancer [25] properties. Various strategies for the synthesis of quinoxalines have been proposed by using different catalysts, such as aqueous hydrofluoric acid and gadolinium chloride [26], magnetic clayzic [27], alkyl sulfonate functionalized metal organic framework (MOF), MIL-101-Cr-NH-RSO 3 H [28], thiamine hydrochloride (VB 1 ) [29], Zr-CAP-SG [30], Cu (BDC) [31], sulfonated nanoclay [32], arabic gum [1], sulphated polyborate [33], nano-particles ZrO 2 [34], nanostructured pyrophosphate [21] and magnetic material separated from coal fly ash [35] through the condensation of 1,2-diketones with 1,2-diamines. These methods need a higher quantity of catalyst and suffer from a long reaction time, harsh conditions, multi-step processes for the preparation of the catalyst and high costs.…”