Thermosetting polymers from renewable sources

Quirino, Rafael L.; Monroe, Khristal; Fleischer, Carl H; Biswas, Eletria; Kessler, Michael R.

doi:10.1002/pi.6132

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…They can be processed by hand lay-up, spray-up, vacuum infusion, vacuum bagging, prepag, resin transfer molding (RTM), filament winding, pultrusion, extrusion, resin impregnation and cold press as shown in Figure 10 . However, endeavors are made to develop bio-based thermosets from vegetable oils, natural phenolic complexes and other sources, which might possess better thermal stability compared to thermoplastic [ 52 ]. Some progress has also been made toward developing biodegradable thermoset plastics with similar characteristics as the traditional thermoset such glycix, titan and hydro [ 53 ].…”

Section: Jute Based Composites: Processing and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Development and Future Perspective on Natural Jute Fibers and Their Biocomposites

et al. 2022

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The increasing trend of the use of synthetic products may result in an increased level of pollution affecting both the environment and living organisms. Therefore, from the sustainability point of view, natural, renewable and biodegradable materials are urgently needed to replace environmentally harmful synthetic materials. Jute, one of the natural fibers, plays a vital role in developing composite materials that showed potential in a variety of applications such as household, automotive and medical appliances. This paper first reviews the characterization and performance of jute fibers. Subsequently, the main focus is shifted towards research advancements in enhancing physical, mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of the polymeric materials (i.e., synthetic or biobased and thermoplastic or thermoset plastic) reinforced with jute fibers in a variety of forms such as particle, short fiber or woven fabric. It is understood that the physio-mechanical properties of jute-polymer composites largely vary based on the fiber processing and treatment, fiber shape and/or size, fabrication processes, fiber volume fraction, layering sequence within the matrix, interaction of the fiber with the matrix and the matrix materials used. Furthermore, the emerging research on jute fiber, such as nanomaterials from jute, bioplastic packaging, heavy metal absorption, electronics, energy device or medical applications and development of jute fiber composites with 3D printing, is explored. Finally, the key challenges for jute and its derivative products in gaining commercial successes have been highlighted and potential future directions are discussed.

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Section: Jute Based Composites: Processing and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Development and Future Perspective on Natural Jute Fibers and Their Biocomposites

et al. 2022

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“…To pursue novel polymers from vegetable oils, different approaches are possible, including, among others, the breakdown of triglycerides by transesterification processes and the chemical modification of the fatty acids’ double bonds by means of metathesis, epoxidation and click reactions. The various possibilities in this regard lead to the production of macromolecular materials with interesting properties and applications, such as thermosets, linear polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, and their blends and composites (Conti Silva et al 2021 ; Quirino et al 2021 ; Di Mauro et al 2021 ; Mucci et al 2020 ; Chakraborty and Chatterjee 2020 ; Lomège et al 2019 ). Indeed, one can define some crude vegetable oils as natural oligomers, and film coatings based exclusively on unsaturated triglycerides have been used by man for millennia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Furfuryl alcohol/tung oil matrix-based composites reinforced with bacterial cellulose fibres

et al. 2021

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Polymeric materials have drastically changed the society in the last century. However, their non-renewable origin, together with their indiscriminate use and disposal, resulted in a huge accumulation of waste in the environment and raised a wide discussion about the emission of greenhouse gases, which must be considerably reduced to minimize global warming. Thus, the establishment of a consolidated production of polymers prioritizing the use of renewable sources of raw materials became a hot research topic. Vegetable oils are protagonists of this initiative, and their carbon–carbon double bonds are convenient reactive sites for chain growth polymerization reactions. However, typical vegetable oil-based homopolymers often do not display competitive thermo-mechanical properties, and the preparation of the corresponding copolymers and composites is therefore an interesting alternative strategy. Herein, the preparation of composites based on a tung oil/furfuryl alcohol co-continuous network reinforced with bacterial cellulose fibers is described. For this purpose, the cellulose nanofibers were suspended in furfuryl alcohol, and different amounts of the ensuing suspension were mixed with tung oil in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid as cationic initiator. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of all samples indicated the association of both tung oil and furfuryl alcohol in the final materials, with peaks belonging to cellulose superposed at the fingerprint regions of composites. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry demonstrated an interesting relationship between the composition and the corresponding thermal properties, and the morphology of the materials was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed a homogeneous distribution of cellulosic fibers at lower concentrations. The results gathered here contribute to the development of original macromolecular materials exclusively based on the renewable platform.

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“…Due to rapid consumption of petroleum resources and serious environmental problems, it has become increasingly urgent to develop materials from renewable resources 10–21 . Until now, great progress has been made in the synthesis of epoxy resin from bio‐based feedstock, and various high‐performance bio‐based epoxy resins have been reported 22–25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin with excellent ultraviolet resistance and mechanical properties derived from renewable camphoric acid

Wang

Dai

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Generally, high‐performance epoxy resins, which are derived from aromatic compounds have two major disadvantages of yellowing and brittleness, and thus it presently remains a challenge for the facile synthesis of epoxy resin with excellent ultraviolet resistance and superior strength and toughness. Herein, a novel bio‐based epoxy resin diglycidyl ester of camphoric acid (DGECA) was synthesized from the renewable camphoric acid via an efficient and scalable route. The chemical structure of DGECA was carefully characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry before being cured with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA). Compared with the cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/MHHPA, the cured DGECA/MHHPA system achieved 11.5%, 16.7%, and 109.4% increment in flexural strength (126 MPa vs. 113 MPa), modulus (2.8 GPa vs. 2.4 GPa), and impact strength (6.7 kJ/m2 vs. 3.2 kJ/m2), respectively. Moreover, cured DGECA exhibited extremely lower ultraviolet absorption (0.038A) and better ultraviolet resistance than that of cured DGEBA. This work provides a new strategy to synthesize epoxy resin with excellent ultraviolet resistance and high toughness by using the unique structure of renewable feedstock.

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Thermosetting polymers from renewable sources

Cited by 48 publications

References 137 publications

Current Development and Future Perspective on Natural Jute Fibers and Their Biocomposites

Current Development and Future Perspective on Natural Jute Fibers and Their Biocomposites

Furfuryl alcohol/tung oil matrix-based composites reinforced with bacterial cellulose fibres

Epoxy resin with excellent ultraviolet resistance and mechanical properties derived from renewable camphoric acid

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