This article discusses the versatility of utilizing exothermic combustion synthesis reactions to produce ceramic, intermetallic, and composite materials in a one-step process. The emphasis is placed on controlling the reaction parameters of these exothermic synthesis reactions as a means of control/ing the microstructure and properties of the sYI1-thesized materials and composites. The applicatiol1 of this technology to the synthesis and control of a selection of advanced materials is demonstrated (i.e. , dense composite materials, uniformly porous or "foamed" ceramics, and functionally graded materials). In addition, the control of product morphology (e.g., submicrometer particles or whiskers by gas-solid reactions that use vapor phase species deliberately generated at the reactiol1 front) is also demonstrated, as is the effect of microgravity processing on some of these reactions. ~~~~ion Applying Consolidation Pres sure Products / _ Te _ / Time T. -Figure 1. A schematic representation of the temperature-time curve during (a) SHS reaction and (b) consolidating load applied to the sample immediately after the initiation of the SHS reaction and maintained at temperature for a certain time.
Sustainable and renewable polymeric materials are gaining traction, and vegetable oils have been used directly or in modified forms to meet this demand. At the same time, microbial hosts (such as the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica) are being touted as sustainable alternatives for petroleum and vegetable oils. However, the exact role of fatty acid composition and speciation on polymer performance remains unclear. Here, we explore a datadriven approach to explicitly relate the underlying oil composition with the thermomechanical properties of the resulting polymeric material. In doing so, we identify the C16:0, C16:1, and C18:0 fatty acid contents of vegetable oils as critical parameters for predicting thermal stability at maximum heat loss (T max ). Machine learning-based approaches were applied to study the link between thermal properties and monomer composition. In the end, application of multiple linear regression modeling indicated strong dependence on the C16:1 content as evident by the parameter loading (loading of +428 for T max ). As a more sustainable source of oil, Y. lipolytica oil-based polymer properties were also dictated by the C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acid contents but with an opposite impact as compared with vegetable oils (T max loadings of −208 and +36 for Y. lipolytica oils, +19 and −72 for vegetable oils, C16:0 and C18:0, respectively). Despite these differences, Y. lipolytica oilbased polymers showed similar strength and cross-linking density to vegetable oil polymers. This work is the first evaluation of polymer properties from a library of vegetable-and yeast-sourced oils and highlights a mechanistic understanding of thermal stability from both oil source (vegetable or microbial) and oil composition that can be used for future design.
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