“…An example of this is the limitation of northbound expansion of pipefish and common kilka and southbound expansion of vendace range. Such relationship is not observed for another invaderthe Amur sleeper, which has a wide range of thermoresistance [Golovanov et al, 2013], making it possible for this species to successfully occupy all possible small waterbodies of Europe [Reshetnikov, Ficetola, 2014], and the expansion of its range, is almost entirely limited by biological factors (the presence of predators and natural competitors).…”