Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions. I. Perfect Solutions

Seltz, Harry

doi:10.1021/ja01317a012

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] are photomicrographs (X500) showing the various phases in equilibrium, in the region of the ternary eutectic. Table VI shows the relationship between the hardness of the pure metals, the Pb-Sn eutectic, and two alloys having primary separated aluminum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Systems Aluminum-Tin and Aluminum-Lead-Tin

Campbell¹,

Kartzmark²

1956

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T h e solubility of tin in aluminum, between 400" and 645" C., has been determined by an isothermal method. The system Al-Pb-Sn has been investigated, isothermally, a t 500' and 600" C. The eutectic temperature and composition of this system have also been determined. T h e structure of the phases in completely solid alloys has been identified by photomicrography. The liquidus curves a t 500" and 600" C. are continuous, extending across the ternary diagram from the AI-Pb system to the Al-Sn system. On neither of the two isotherms does a twoliquid region occur, despite the fact that a well-defined two-liquid region exists a t temperatures above 650" C. This was found t o be due to inaccuracy in the published diagram for the AI-Sn system and this led to the work mentioned above. The solubility of tin in aluminum is much less than it has been supposed and this causes the surface of solid aluminum t o intrude into the solid diagram a t an early stage, thus blocking out the two-liquid region. The ternary eutectic temperature is 183.0" C. and the composition, 0.08 weight per cent Al, 38.1% Pb, and 61.7% Sn. I n any alloy a t room temperature, the solid phases are: primary aluminum, a-lead, and 8-tin. Brinell Ball and Viclcers Diamond Pyramid hardness tests show that the ternary eutectic alloy is the hardest of the system. When alloys approximating t o the eutectic composition are used as solders, it has been found that the alloy of ternary eutectic composition has a greater shear strength than ordinary solder.Despite the simplicity of the three-component system, Al-Pb-Sn, it has not been studied previously in its entirety; work has been confined to the completely liquid two-layer condition. Wright (101, working between 750 and 850" C., found the critical solution to contain 64 weight per cent tin and 17% lead. Lorenz and Erbe (4) carried out a few experiments a t 750" C., using a quenching technique, but their results are too crude to merit mention. Very excellent work was done by Davies (2) in 1953. He studied the region of partial miscibility a t 650°, 730°, and 800" C., using the purest materials and keeping the temperature truly constant. Davies' data are shown graphically in Fig. 1. I t is surprising that the numerical values were never published. We consider these data so valuable that we offer them here, with the consent of the author.Of the component binary systems, little need be said of the systems Al-Pb and Pb-Sn, save that they are simple and have been investigated completely. The system A1-Pb gives a t all temperatures above 658.5" C. two liquid layers; in the solid state there is no compound formation or appreciable solid solution (11).The Pb-Sn system, to which the soft solders belong, exhibits a simple eutectic accompanied by coilsiderable solid solubility of t i l l in lead, a t the eutectic temperature of 183.3" C., but this decreases to zero a t room temperature (6). The lead-rich alloys show a mysterious evolution of heat, on cooling, a t about 150" C., and for this no satisfactory explanat...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Systems Aluminum-Tin and Aluminum-Lead-Tin

Campbell¹,

Kartzmark²

1956

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…La Mer and Baker [6] carried out measurements on D 2 O and H 2 O to test the equations produced by Seltz [13] for the composition of an ideal binary solution in solid and liquid phases. Their measurements of the temperature elevation of the freezing point versus mole fraction of deuterium oxide yielded data that is well fitted by T = 4.212(9)X D − 0.408(12)X 2 D , …”

Section: La Mer and Bakermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation 2 is useful because it is observed that all binary solutions at sufficient dilution behave as ideal solutions [12]. Equations 7 and 8, when combined with the constraints X S A + X S B = 1 and X L A + X L B = 1, yield Seltz's equations for the solidus and liquidus [13]. The slope of the liquidus near X B = 0 and T = T A (i.e., B dilute), gives the isotopic sensitivity coefficient,…”

Section: Thermophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Estimates of the Isotopic Correction Constants for the Triple Point of Water

White

Tew

2010

Int J Thermophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2006, the CIPM clarified the definition of the kelvin by specifying the isotopic composition of the water to be used in the realization of the triple point. At the same time, the Consultative Committee for Thermometry gave recommended values for the isotopic correction constants to be used for water departing from the specified composition. However, the uncertainties in the values for the correction constants were undesirably large due to unresolved differences between the data sets from which the values were determined. This paper derives improved values of the constants by considering additional data from isotopic fractionation measurements and the heats of fusion and freezing points of the relevant water isotopologues. Values of the corrections determined from the expanded data are A D = 671(10) µK, A 18O = 603(3) µK, and A 17O = 60(1) µK. A typical correction made with these values lies just within the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of the corrections made with the older values, but has about half the uncertainty.

show abstract

“…The parameter h describes the increase (or decrease) in enthalpy due to number of carbons, h xy describes the increase (or decrease) in enthalpy due to chain length differences x and y, h odd describes the increase (or decrease) in enthalpy due to the inclusion of a fatty acid with odd chain length, and h 0 is a fitting parameter that should approximate the baseline enthalpy of a TAG's glycerol backbone. The effect of odd chain fatty acids only manifests in β-polymorph TAGs, and thus a "switch function" is used in (6) as formalized in (9). Additionally, n o is the number of oleic fatty acids in the TAG, n e is the number of elaidic fatty acids in the TAG, and n j is the number of linoleic acids in the TAG, and parameters h o , h e , and h j are the contribution to enthalpy due to oleic, elaidic and linoleic acid, respectively, effectively describing the effect of unsaturation on enthalpy estimates.…”

Section: Triglyceride Property Calculatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative approach that has been mostly neglected to date is using well-controlled mixed systems of TAGs to interpolate the properties of its component TAGs. Ideal binary solution behavior was described by Seltz in [9] and expanded upon by Bailey in [4]. Ideal solution behavior can be assumed when the difference between melting temperatures of each component in a binary mixture is at least 20 kelvins [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Mettler Dropping Point Data from Dilute Soybean Oil‐Triglyceride Mixtures to Estimate Thermodynamic Properties for Corresponding Pure Triglyceride

Moorthy

List²,

Adlof³

et al. 2017

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

pure TAGs dissolved in soybean oil can be, at minimum, a viable approach in estimating melting behavior properties of symmetric stearic and palmitic acid containing TAGs. Further investigation for the behavior of asymmetric stearic and palmitic acid containing TAGs in soybean oil is required. As such, using known enthalpies of symmetric stearic and palmitic acid containing TAGs, we should be able to estimate the solubility of a high melting pure TAG in soybean oil using MDP and Clapeyron's equation.

show abstract

Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions. I. Perfect Solutions

Abstract: Thermodynamics of Perfect Solutions 307 like mixtures at equal pressures with and without packing. As observed by in their study of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction, packing retards the oxidation at the higher pressures and accelerates it at the lower pressures.

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

The Systems Aluminum-Tin and Aluminum-Lead-Tin

The Systems Aluminum-Tin and Aluminum-Lead-Tin

Improved Estimates of the Isotopic Correction Constants for the Triple Point of Water

Using Mettler Dropping Point Data from Dilute Soybean Oil‐Triglyceride Mixtures to Estimate Thermodynamic Properties for Corresponding Pure Triglyceride

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About