AbstrackThis work combines focused ion beam sputtering and ultra-precision machining as a first step in fabricating microstructure in metals and alloys. Specifically, -25pm diameter micro-end mills are made from cobalt Introduction:
In the system Ag-In, the isothermal phase transformation at 281 "C previously assumed by Weibke and Eggers has been found not to exist. Metastability of they phase and of the indium phase is persistent at room temperature. The boundaries of the intermediate phases have been redetermined. At room temperature, the equilibrium y phase (hexagonal) exists between 71.0 and 70.3 % silver. At 325 "C and higher temperatures, the y-phase region extends to higher indium concentrations than those given by Weibke and Eggers. The order-disorder transforn~ation of the y phase, postulated by Hellner, does not appear to exist. The liquidus is found to lie approximately 8 "C higher than that determined by Weibke and Eggers.At room temperature, the E phase exists between 67.5 and 65.0% silver. At these compositions, the cubic cell edges of the E phase are o = 9.878 + 0.004 and 9.887 0.004 A, respectively. The y/(y + E) phase boundary has been redetermined and extended.A new a' phase is claimed to exist at approximately 73.8 wt. % silver. It is formed by a peritectoid phase reaction at 187". In the a' phase the silver atoms occupy the face-centered positions and the indium atoms, the corner positions of the cubic lattice. The intensities of diffraction lines were calculated using such a model and were found to be in reasonable agreement with the observed intensities of the a' phase. The cell edge of the a' phase is 4.144 + 0.004 A, at room temperature, and this is identical, within experimental error, with that of the a phase.A new phase diagram for the Ag-In system has been constructed.
The systems: nicorine-water and nicotine-methylethyl ketone were investigated by ther~nal analysis but the cutcctic points were not obtainecl due to tlic estrclne \riscosity and consequent supercooling of solutio~is of hiqh nicotine content.The densities, viscosities, ant1 refractive;ndices were determined for the nicotille -methylethyl Icetone -water sysleni a t 25.0' C.'I'he mutual solubilities of nicotine, methylethyl Icetone, a11d water were deterlnined ovef the entire temperature range. -A ternary critical point was found a t 67.3' C, the critical composition being 27 weight per cent nicotine; 14 weight per cent methylethyl ketone. The methylcthyl ketone -water and nicotine-water solubility cl~rves were redetermined. The existing data for the former syste111 were confirmed but the data for the classical syste~u ~~icotil~e-water \yere found to be seriously in error a t the higher critical solution temperature.Thus the lower critical solutiol~ temperature was found to be 61.5" C, i r l good agreeruerlt with previous figures, but the upper critical solution temperature lies a t 233.0' C, some twenty degrees higher than had been obtained by previous worlcers; the corresponding critical compositions are 36% a n d 409; nicoti~le respectively.The system nicotine-water presents the lvell-known egg-shaped diagram to be found in almost every testbool; of physical c11emist1-y. In othel-words this system is the classical example of a taro-liquid system with both maximum and minimum critical solution temperatures. The system methylethyl lcetoile -water is similar in character, although the lower critical solutioll temperature is cut off by the occurrence of the solid phase, ice. I t was thought that it would be of interest to investigate the three-component system: nicotine -methylethyl kctoile -water, in order to determine the influence of one closed partial miscible region on another of the same type. There existed two main possibilities; either the third component nrould so increase mutual solubility that the volume of heterogeneity would shrinl< to a point before meeting the other volume of heterogeneity and thus t~iro volumes of heterogeneity mould exist in the solid model, or the two volumes would meet forming a tunnel. A further question was whether, in the latter case, the ternary critical s o l u t i o~~ temperatures would lie above or below those of the binary systems.The system methylethyl ketone -water has been investigated by Rothmund (1) and by hlIarshall (2) but the most recent data are issued by the Shell Chemical Corporation (3). Rothnlund fou~ld an upper critical solution temperature and he observed the te~ldellcy to a lower critical solutio~l temperature but he could not realize it because of the occurrence of ice. Ra~ldall and McI
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