Thermodynamic Calculation among Cerium, Oxygen, and Sulfur in Liquid Iron

Pan, Fei; Zhang, Jian; Chen, Hao Long; Su, Yen Hsun; Su, Yen Hao Frank; Hwang, Woonbong

doi:10.1038/srep35843

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, they just compared the size distribution of deoxidation products of MgO, ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO-Al 2 O 3 and MnO-SiO 2 in an Fe-10mass%Ni alloy. In spite of many experiments performed to investigate the formation mechanism and composition control of particles in steel by thermodynamic and kinetic theories 34 – 36 , limited studies about the effect of melt composition on the nucleation and growth of particles are conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Ostwald Growth of Particles in Fe-O-Al-Ca Melt

Wang

Yang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Tremendous focus has been put on the control of particle size distribution which effects the grain structure and mechanical properties of resulting metallic materials, and thus nucleation and growth of particles in solution should be clarified. This study uses classical nucleation theory and Ostwald ripening theory to probe the relationship between the compositions of Fe-O-Al-Ca melts and the behavior of particles under the condition of no external stirring. Our experimental data suggest that decreasing the initial Ca addition and Al addition is conductive to the increase of nucleation rate for calcium aluminate particles, which exhibits a same change trend with that predicted from classical nucleation theory. Based on the experimental evidence for particles size distribution in three-dimensional, we demonstrate that Ostwald ripening is the predominate mechanism on the coarsening of particles in Fe-O-Al-Ca melt at early stage of deoxidation under the condition of no external stirring but not at later stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Ostwald Growth of Particles in Fe-O-Al-Ca Melt

Wang

Yang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…14 Another difference between the REM modified and unmodified inclu- sions is that the oxysulphides in sample 1 (0 μg/g REM) are in fact complex (multi-phase) inclusions, as is common for steels, 15,16 while the REMs form oxysulphide compounds. 14,17 The REM non-metallic inclusions have high atomic numbers Z, so they appear bright in the backscattered electron images. The type of REM inclusions (oxide/sulphide/oxysulphide) is difficult to determine from the electron microscope images, as they also change little in morphology.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4, [9][10][11] Alternatively, other elements such as rare-earth metals or zirconium can be used to modify the shape, number and size of the non-metallic inclusions. [12][13][14] In this research we used rare-earth metals (misch metal alloy) with the aim to modify the non-metallic inclusions and thus achieve "clean steel" production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of non-metallic inclusions with rare-earth metals in 50CrMoV13-1 steel

Šuler¹,

Burja²,

Medved³

2019

Mater. Tehnol.

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The potential use of the rare-earth metals in clean steel production was investigated. Reactions between the non-metallic inclusions and the rare-earth metals were investigated in a cold-work tool-steel grade (50CrMoV13-1). A rare-earth metal alloy misch metal (Ce, La, Nd, Pr) was used for the inclusion modification. Aluminium oxide non-metallic inclusions that have a negative effect on the mechanical properties usually occur in the investigated steel. The experimental melts were made in a vacuum induction furnace with different rare-earth metal additions (50, 150, 340, 950 and 2900) ppm. The laboratory cast ingots were hot forged and analysed with light and electron microscopy. It was found that misch metal additions influence the size, composition and type of the non-metallic inclusions in the steel. Most importantly, very small inclusions are formed at lower rare-earth metal additions (up to 340 ppm), but at high additions large non-metallic inclusions are formed (2900 ppm).

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“…The Bauschinger effect basically stems from a long-range back stress which resists further against the forward deformation or from a removal of dislocation loop and untangling during the reverse deformation 10 . However, the Bauschinger effect and its mechanisms in linepipe steels are difficult to reveal because of complex microstructures 11 – 16 . According to Park et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Bauschinger effect of acicular ferrite and polygonal ferrite through ex-situ interrupted bending tests in API X80 linepipe steels

Kim

Sohn

Kim

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Linepipe steels complexly consisted of low-temperature transformation microstructures of bainitic ferrite, granular bainite, and acicular ferrite (AF) as well as polygonal ferrite (PF) which individually affect the Bauschinger effect occurring during the pipe-forming. In this study, microscopic analyses of electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) coupled with tension-compression and interrupted bending tests were performed for verification of the Bauschinger effect of AF and PF working as major microstructures in single-phase- and two-phase-rolled API X80 steels, respectively. With respect to microstructural effects on Bauschinger effect, the reduction in mobile dislocation density during the flattening was smaller in the AF than in the PF. However, the dislocation pile-up at low-angle substructures and high-angle grain boundaries was more frequently observed, thereby leading to the higher back stress and Bauschinger effect in the AF. Boundary kernel average misorientation (KAM) profile played a critical role in determining the Bauschinger effect because they were closely related with the back stress. Thus, the Bauschinger effect was higher in the single-phase-rolled steel than in the two-phase-rolled steel. The present ex-situ interrupted bending methods coupled with EBSD analyses are outstanding ones for the detailed explanation of Bauschinger effect and provide an important idea for the yield strength designs of linepipe steels.

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Thermodynamic Calculation among Cerium, Oxygen, and Sulfur in Liquid Iron

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Nucleation and Ostwald Growth of Particles in Fe-O-Al-Ca Melt

Nucleation and Ostwald Growth of Particles in Fe-O-Al-Ca Melt

Modification of non-metallic inclusions with rare-earth metals in 50CrMoV13-1 steel

Study of Bauschinger effect of acicular ferrite and polygonal ferrite through ex-situ interrupted bending tests in API X80 linepipe steels

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