Thermodynamic analysis of steel deoxidization processes during tapping and refining operations

Carreño-Galindo, V.; Morales, R. D.; Chavez, J. F.; Toledo-Velázquez, Miguel

doi:10.1002/srin.200005698

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Assuming thermodynamic equilibrium, complete mixing conditions and efficient ferroalloys dissolution, the group of the authors demonstrated that the amounts and types of inclusion chemistries depend on the addition sequence during steel tapping, steel level in the ladle and oxygen concentration in the melt. 4,5) Therefore, those findings underline the importance of an efficient mixing process assisted by the momentum transfer effects of the jet plunging into the melt. Final oxygen levels, assuming thermodynamic equilibrium during steel tapping, depend then on efficient mixing and melting-dissolution processes of ferroalloys and aluminum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Numerical Study of Multiphase Flow Dynamics of Plunging Jets of Liquid Steel and Trajectories of Ferroalloys Additions in a Ladle during Tapping Operations

2012

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A multiphase numerical analysis focused on flow dynamics and particle trajectories during steel tapping operations was developed. The numerical results indicate that lighter additions than steel (ferrosilicon and aluminum) are independent from bath level, fall height and flow dynamics of the melt. Neutral buoyant additions (Fe-Mn) are strongly dependent on fluid dynamics of the melt and bath height. Denser additions (like Fe-Nb) yields long residence time inside the melt before first emerging to the bath surface. However, when this ferroalloy is added at high bath levels, close to the end of tapping, the particles remain in the corner formed by the bottom and the wall of the ladle during long times prolonging their melting rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Numerical Study of Multiphase Flow Dynamics of Plunging Jets of Liquid Steel and Trajectories of Ferroalloys Additions in a Ladle during Tapping Operations

2012

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“…In the tapping process of steel, liquid steel with a mass of Dm BOFÀst (Eq. [1]) is tapped from the BOF to the ladle at each time step (Dt). The tapping flow rate (V st ) is calculated in Eq.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling simulation is an effective method to study the reactions in the steel tapping and refining process. Galindo et al [1] proposed a thermodynamic model on steel deoxidation processes during tapping and refining. In the model, the thermodynamic equilibrium of inclusion and metal, inclusion and entrapped slag by steel and mass balance were considered, while the interfacial reaction of steel and slag was not accounted for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the BOF Tapping Process: The Reactions in the Ladle

You

Bernhard

Mayer

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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A tapping process model of the steel from the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) addressing the reactions in the ladle is proposed. In the model, the effective equilibrium reaction zone (EERZ) method is applied to describe the steel/slag interfacial reaction. The equilibrium reactions in the bulk steel (steel/inclusion/lining wear) and slag (liquid slag/slag additions/lining wear) are considered. The thermodynamic library—ChemApp is used to perform thermodynamic calculation. The process model includes most of the actions during the tapping process, such as the additions of ferroalloys and slag formers, carryover slag entrapment and air pick-up. After the calibration by the industrial measurements of two plants, the model is applied to study the influence of the amount of carryover slag.

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“…Steel tapping is crucial for plant productivity and the steel quality depends on this operation. Its importance is demonstrated by a fundamental science such as thermodynamics demonstrating that the sequence and order of deoxidants and fluxes during steel tapping operations influence the residual content of oxygen and the type of inclusions [1]. The efficiency (measured as the dissolved amount by the total weight of the addition) of the alloys depends on the oxidation of the bath and the fluid dynamics of mixing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Melting Kinetics of Metal Particles during Tapping with Argon-Bottom Stirring

et al. 2020

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Molten steel is alloyed during tapping from the melting furnace to the argon-bottom stirred ladle. The metallic additions thrown to the ladle during the ladle filling time are at room temperature. The melting rates or kinetics of sinking-metals, like nickel, are simulated through a multiphase Euler–Lagrangian mathematical model during this operation. The melting rate of a metallic particle depends on its trajectory within regions of the melt with high or low turbulence levels, delaying or speeding up their melting process. At low steel levels in the ladle, the melting rates are higher on the opposite side of the plume zone induced by the bottom gas stirring. This effect is due to its deviation after the impact of the impinging jet on the ladle bottom. The higher melting kinetics are located on both sides at high steel levels due to the more extensive recirculation flows formed in taller baths. Making the additions above the eye of the argon plume spout increases the melting rate of nickel particles. The increase of the superheat makes the heat flux more significant from the melt to the particle, increasing its melting rate. At higher superheats, the melting kinetics become less dependent on the fluid dynamics of the melt.

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Thermodynamic analysis of steel deoxidization processes during tapping and refining operations

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Numerical Study of Multiphase Flow Dynamics of Plunging Jets of Liquid Steel and Trajectories of Ferroalloys Additions in a Ladle during Tapping Operations

Numerical Study of Multiphase Flow Dynamics of Plunging Jets of Liquid Steel and Trajectories of Ferroalloys Additions in a Ladle during Tapping Operations

Modeling of the BOF Tapping Process: The Reactions in the Ladle

Numerical Simulation of Melting Kinetics of Metal Particles during Tapping with Argon-Bottom Stirring

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