Thermal start-up behaviour and thermal management of SOFC's

Apfel, H.; Rzepka, M.; Tu, Hongwei; Stimming, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.052

Cited by 79 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, in order to achieve cost effectiveness and expand the cell lifetime, it is also necessary to decrease the cell operating temperature down to 500 8C or lower. [1] However, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte decreases significantly at these lower temperatures. The most promising way to enhance the ionic conductivity at low temperatures is to reduce the electrolyte thickness, which is quite difficult to achieve for electrolyte-supported SOFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films as a Cathode/Electrolyte Interface Layer for Thin‐Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Yoon

Cho

Kim

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

112

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A thin layer of a vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) structure is deposited between the electrolyte, Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO), and the thin‐film cathode layer, La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO), of a thin‐film solid‐oxide fuel cell (TFSOFC). The self‐assembled VAN nanostructure contains highly ordered alternating vertical columns of CGO and LSCO formed through a one‐step thin‐film deposition process that uses pulsed laser deposition. The VAN structure significantly improves the overall performance of the TFSOFC by increasing the interfacial area between the electrolyte and cathode. Low cathode polarization resistances of 9 × 10−4 and 2.39 Ω were measured for the cells with the VAN interlayer at 600 and 400 °C, respectively. Furthermore, anode‐supported single cells with LSCO/CGO VAN interlayer demonstrate maximum power densities of 329, 546, 718, and 812 mW cm−2 at 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C, respectively, with an open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.13 V at 550 °C. The cells with the interlayer triple the overall power output at 650 °C compared to that achieved with the cells without an interlayer. The binary VAN interlayer could also act as a transition layer that improves adhesion and relieves both thermal stress and lattice strain between the cathode and the electrolyte.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films as a Cathode/Electrolyte Interface Layer for Thin‐Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Yoon

Cho

Kim

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

112

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“…A start-up is only needed once to heat up the system from ambient temperature. Recent simulations have shown that start-up times of 5 min may be achieved by using an afterburner and reformer with excess of air [12] to heat-up the hotbox components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOFC System Operating Strategies for Mobile Applications

et al. 2005

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SOFC systems, working at high temperatures of about 800 °C, have recently attracted significant interest for application as automotive and stationary power supply systems, based on gasoline or diesel heating. For periodically changing operation, the thermal management of the system, including start‐up and load following capability, is considered a crucial point. In this work, the thermal behaviour during start‐up, operation, shut down, and restart of a simple SOFC system for mobile applications is studied. Different operating strategies, such as keeping the system at operating temperature and thermal cycling, are investigated and compared with respect to heat management, energy consumption, and start‐up performance. The characteristics depend on the system size and weight. For a 50 kWel system, with suitable insulation, immediate restart of the vehicle should be achievable for up to three days, hence no external heat is needed within that period of time. Smaller systems, e.g., Auxiliary Power supply Units (APU), replacing the conventional alternator in vehicles, cool down more rapidly. If an immediate restart is desirable ‘keeping the system at temperature’ would be the more favourable strategy.

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“…air ratios, to cool/heat the cell in order to avoid high temperature differences (some 100 K) between gas inlet/outlet. Typical values for air ratios of SOFC systems are 4-10 resulting in parasitic losses for blowers, large heat exchanger surfaces and thermal energy losses [9]. In the same way, cooling/heating of exothermal/endothermal SOEC cells requires large air ratios to keep DT reasonable, resulting in a dilution of the produced oxygen.…”

Section: Enhanced Heat Management Of Soc Stacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar High Temperature Heat Pipes for SOFC/SOEC Stack Applications

2014

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Targeting transient operation of high temperature solid oxide cell (SOC) systems this paper proposes an enhanced heat management mechanism using planar high temperature heat pipes that can be integrated into the SOC‐stack structure. Flat heat pipes with thicknesses down to 4 mm filled with liquid alkali metals for almost isothermal 2D heat spreading, even for intense heat transfer rates, are demonstrated. A new pathway towards a temperature gradient shrinking in SOC‐stacks without using large amounts of additional air‐cooling is shown. The paper will present latest development results on design concepts, size reduced fabrication and filling procedure. An experimental study demonstrates the heat spreading capabilities and power limitations of planar heat spreaders for high temperature applications as in SOEC/SOFC stacks.

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Thermal start-up behaviour and thermal management of SOFC's

Cited by 79 publications

References 4 publications

Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films as a Cathode/Electrolyte Interface Layer for Thin‐Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films as a Cathode/Electrolyte Interface Layer for Thin‐Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

SOFC System Operating Strategies for Mobile Applications

Planar High Temperature Heat Pipes for SOFC/SOEC Stack Applications

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