Thermal properties of spray-dried cellulose nanofibril-reinforced polypropylene composites from extrusion-based additive manufacturing

Wang, Lu; Palmer, J.; Tajvidi, Mehdi; Gardner, Douglas J.; Han, Yousoo

doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7759-9

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Apart from material alterations, for example, by decreasing the degree of crystallinity by incorporating ethylene monomer segments to PP or by blending PP with other thermoplastics, changes in the processing can significantly improve the warpage behavior of 3D‐printed PP components. Hämäläinen, for example, found that the degree of warpage of 3D‐printed PP is highly dependent on the geometry of the component that is processed.…”

Section: The Big Issue Of Warpage For 3d‐printed Ppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the last years, a myriad of studies on the incorporation of various fillers into thermoplastics for extrusion‐based AM have been conducted . Various fillers, such as cellulose nanofibrils, thermotropic liquid crystalline fibrils, bamboo fibers, hemp and harakeke fibers, short glass fibers, ash, and mineral fibers have been incorporated into 3D‐printed PP to improve the material's mechanical, rheological, or thermal properties. However, only a handful of studies have focused on the warpage prevention by incorporating fillers into PP filaments.…”

Section: The Big Issue Of Warpage For 3d‐printed Ppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Spoerk

Holzer

González-Gutiérrez

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

175

151

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Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (ME-AM) is an emerging processing technique that is characterized by the selective deposition of thermoplastic filaments in a layer-by-layer manner based on digital part models. Recently, it has attracted considerable attention, as this technique offers manifold benefits over conventional manufacturing technologies. However, to meet the challenges of complex industrial applications, certain shortcomings of ME-AM still need to be overcome. A case in point is the limited amount of semicrystalline thermoplastics, which are still not established as reliable, commercial filament materials. Particularly, polypropylene (PP) offers attractive properties that are unique among the ME-AM material portfolio. This review describes the current approaches of fabricating PP components by ME-AM. Both commercial and scientific strategies to make PP 3D-printable are elaborated and compared. As dimensional issues are especially problematic for PP, a comprehensive section of this review focuses on the strategies developed for mitigating warpage for PP parts fabricated by ME-AM.

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Section: The Big Issue Of Warpage For 3d‐printed Ppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Big Issue Of Warpage For 3d‐printed Ppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Spoerk

Holzer

González-Gutiérrez

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

175

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A brim was essential for printing, which is commonly used for semicrystalline, warpage-prone polymers, such as in the FDM of polypropylene. 48 This increased the surface area of the initial layer and allowed for better adhesion of the samples to the bed. Another essential print setting was the cooling fan rate to be set to 5%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy To Improve Printability of Renewable Resource-Based Engineering Plastic Tailored for FDM Applications

et al. 2019

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This work features the first-time use of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), a biobased engineering thermoplastic, for fused deposition modeling (FDM) applications. Additives such as chain extenders (CEs) and impact modifiers are traditionally used to improve the processability of polymers for injection molding; as a proof of concept for their use in FDM, the same strategies were applied to PTT to improve its printability. The filament processing conditions and printing parameters were optimized to generate complete, warpage-free samples. The blends were characterized through physical, thermal, viscoelastic, and morphological analyses. In the optimal blend (90 wt % PTT, 10 wt % impact modifier, and 0.5 phr CE), the filament diameter was improved by ∼150%, the size of the spherulites significantly decreased to 5% of the ∼26 μm spherulite size found in neat PTT, and the melt flow index decreased to ∼4.7 g/10 min. From this blend, FDM samples with a high impact performance of ∼61 J/m were obtained, which are comparable to other conventional FDM thermoplastics. The ability to print complete and warpage-free samples from this blend suggests a new filament feedstock material for industrial and home-use FDM applications. This paper discusses methods to improve hard-to-print polymers and presents the improved printability of PTT as proof of these methods’ effectiveness.

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“…The studies [ 19 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 53 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 ] were missing either one or both of information (fiber wt% or maximum tensile strength) and these studies [ 56 , 59 , 65 , 67 , 73 ] did not include tensile strength as a part of their evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

et al. 2020

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Current environmental concerns have led to a search of more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods; thus, natural fibers have gained attention in the 3D printing industry to be used as bio-filters along with thermoplastics. The utilization of natural fibers is very convenient as they are easily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. Using natural fibers rather than synthetic fibers in the production of the 3D printing filaments will reduce gas emissions associated with the production of the synthetic fibers that would add to the current pollution problem. As a matter of fact, natural fibers have a reinforcing effect on plastics. This review analyzes how the properties of the different polymers vary when natural fibers processed to produce filaments for 3D Printing are added. The results of using natural fibers for 3D Printing are presented in this study and appeared to be satisfactory, while a few studies have reported some issues.

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Thermal properties of spray-dried cellulose nanofibril-reinforced polypropylene composites from extrusion-based additive manufacturing

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Strategy To Improve Printability of Renewable Resource-Based Engineering Plastic Tailored for FDM Applications

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

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