Thermal ground-state ordering and elementary excitations in artificial magnetic square ice

Morgan, J. P.; Stein, Aaron; Langridge, S.; Marrows, C. H.

doi:10.1038/nphys1853

Cited by 332 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…An artificial spin ice consisting of islands on a square lattice [7,18] has the disadvantage that the interactions between four islands meeting at one vertex are inequivalent [19,20]. This is in contrast to a kagome spin ice, where the three islands centred around a vertex are equivalent [10,21].…”

Section: Artificial Kagome Spin-ice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial kagome spin ice: dimensional reduction, avalanche control and emergent magnetic monopoles

Hügli

Duff

O'Conchuir

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Artificial spin-ice systems consisting of nanolithographic arrays of isolated nanomagnets are model systems for the study of frustration-induced phenomena. We have recently demonstrated that monopoles and Dirac strings can be directly observed via synchrotronbased photoemission electron microscopy, where the magnetic state of individual nanoislands can be imaged in real space. These experimental results of Dirac string formation are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the hysteresis of an array of dipoles situated on a kagome lattice with randomized switching fields. This formation of one-dimensional avalanches in a two-dimensional system is in sharp contrast to disordered thin films, where avalanches associated with magnetization reversal are twodimensional. The self-organized restriction of avalanches to one dimension provides an example of dimensional reduction due to frustration. We give simple explanations for the origin of this dimensional reduction and discuss the disorder dependence of these avalanches. We conclude with the explicit demonstration of how these avalanches can be controlled via locally modified anisotropies. Such a controlled start and stop of avalanches will have potential applications in data storage and information processing.

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Section: Artificial Kagome Spin-ice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial kagome spin ice: dimensional reduction, avalanche control and emergent magnetic monopoles

Hügli

Duff

O'Conchuir

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Simple square and kagome artificial spin ice lattices have been subject to intense study because they provide unique insight into the consequences of frustrated magnetism, such as residual entropy 9,10 and magnetic charge excitations [11][12][13][14] . In the last few years, improved thermalization methods have provided access to the low energy phases of artificial spin ice structures 10,15,16 and even their dynamics [17][18][19] . There is now growing awareness that one could even employ these artificial systems to design desired emergent behaviors and exotic states 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent reduced dimensionality by vertex frustration in artificial spin ice

et al. 2015

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“…Artificial nanomagnet spin ice systems have been realized experimentally for square [43,50,51,56,66], and honeycomb [49,52,68] lattices, each having different analogous features to the naturally occurring rare-earth pyrochlore lattice [37]. In these ice systems, each nanomagnet plays the role of an effective macrospin, and the spin direction is defined to point in the direction of the magnetic moment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vertex state of the system can be directly imaged by locally probing the magnetic moment of a single constituent nanomagnet via magnetic microscopy, such as with magnetic force microscopy [53], LTEM [69], or photoemission electron microscopy [68]. In square nanomagnet ices [43,50,51,56,66], however, the ice-rule-obeying states with "two-spins-in/two-spins-out"…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergent geometric frustration of artificial magnetic skyrmion crystals

Reichhardt

Gan

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. B

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Magnetic skyrmions have been receiving growing attention as potential information storage and magnetic logic devices since an increasing number of materials have been identified that support skyrmion phases. Explorations of artificial frustrated systems have led to new insights into controlling and engineering new emergent frustration phenomena in frustrated and disordered systems. Here, we propose a skyrmion spin ice, giving a unifying framework for the study of geometric frustration of skyrmion crystals in a non-frustrated artificial geometrical lattice as a consequence of the structural confinement of skyrmions in magnetic potential wells. The emergent ice rules from the geometrically frustrated skyrmion crystals highlight a novel phenomenon in this skyrmion system: emergent geometrical frustration. We demonstrate how skyrmion crystal topology transitions between a non-frustrated periodic configuration and a frustrated ice-like ordering can also be realized reversibly. The proposed artificial frustrated skyrmion systems can be annealed into different ice phases with an applied current induced spin-transfer torque, including a long range ordered ice rule obeying ground state, as-relaxed random state, biased state and monopole state. The spin-torque reconfigurability of the artificial skyrmion ice states, difficult to achieve in other artificial spin ice systems, is compatible with standard spintronic device fabrication technology, which makes the semiconductor industrial integration straightforward.

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Thermal ground-state ordering and elementary excitations in artificial magnetic square ice

Cited by 332 publications

References 45 publications

Artificial kagome spin ice: dimensional reduction, avalanche control and emergent magnetic monopoles

Artificial kagome spin ice: dimensional reduction, avalanche control and emergent magnetic monopoles

Emergent reduced dimensionality by vertex frustration in artificial spin ice

Emergent geometric frustration of artificial magnetic skyrmion crystals

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