Thermal degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers over as-prepared Fe3O4 micro/nano-material and hypothesized mechanism

Li, Qianqian; Yang, Fan; Su, Guoshao; Huang, Linyan; Lü, Huijie; Zhao, Yuyang; Zheng, Minghui

doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5400-z

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The effect was even more pronounced in the case of ABS-BFR samples. The results indicated that BFRs compounded with ABS and HIPS decomposed more extensively during the microcompounding or the DIP-MS analysis itself, possibly due to the availability of hydrogen donors from the polymer matrix for effective hydrodebromination. − However, it must be emphasized that the observed decomposition of BFRs did not prevent their identification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Brominated Flame Retardants in Synthetic Polymers

Grönlund,

Nissinen,

Rytöluoto

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose a major threat to the environment. In this study, a direct insertion probe (DIP) coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) was used to characterize additives, especially BFRs, from solid polymer samples with minimal sample preparation. A temperature-programmed DIP analysis, from 150 to 450 °C within 10 min, was utilized to achieve temporal separation of analytes based on their boiling or degradation temperatures, thereby facilitating their easier identification within a single run. Studied BFRs showed different behaviors during the analysis: decabromodiphenyl ether and tetrabromobisphenol A were found to be stable within the studied temperature range, while hexabromocyclododecane already started to debrominate. Our study showed that the DIP-APCI-MS method suited well for the direct qualitative identification of BFRs from polymer matrices. Furthermore, by optimizing the sampling procedure with cryogenic grinding, even quantitative analysis could be performed. The DIP measurements also provided important information about the composition of polymer matrices, including the identification of the comonomers present. Overall, DIP-APCI QTOF-MS was found to be an excellent tool for the compositional analysis of plastic samples. Developing rapid and reliable analysis methods can pave the way for more efficient plastic recycling and the safer use of plastic recyclates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Brominated Flame Retardants in Synthetic Polymers

Grönlund,

Nissinen,

Rytöluoto

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Shih and Wang (2009) demonstrated that photolytic degradation of BDE-209 primarily occurred at the para position, whereas debromination at the ortho position was observed in the photoreductive debromination of BDE-209 over TiO 2 (Sun et al, 2009). Li et al (2015) observed that the meta position is more vulnerable than the ortho and para positions to attack during the thermal degradation of BDE-209 over Fe 3 O 4 micro/nanomaterials. The results obtained above showed that the different surface properties of the studied materials, such as morphology and component, significantly influence the degradation pathway of PBDEs.…”

Section: Effect Of Materials Structure On the Degradation Pathways Of mentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermal degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) over synthesized Fe–Al composite oxide

Yang

et al. 2016

Chemosphere

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h i g h l i g h t sFeeAl composite oxide materials for BDE-47 degradation were successfully synthesized. Component and morphology of material were controlled by concentration of urea. Distribution of hydrodebromination products are analyzed over different material. Morphology and component might affect degradation pathway. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tA series of FeeAl composite oxides were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using different urea dosages and examined towards the degradation of 2,2 0 ,4,4 0 -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) at 300 C. The as-prepared oxides were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The morphology and composition of the prepared materials could be regulated by controlling the urea concentration. Interestingly, these properties influenced the nature and amount of the hydrodebromination products generated during the degradation of BDE-47. The degradation of BDE-47 over the composite oxide prepared at a urea dosage of 3 mmol generated BDE-17 as the major isomer product, followed by BDE-28/33, -30, and -32, among the tribromodiphenyl ethers (tri-BDEs). Regarding the dibromodiphenyl ethers (di-BDEs) produced, the amount of the isomers decreased in the order of BDE-8/11 > BDE-7 > BDE-15 > BDE-10. And the BDE-1 among monobromodiphenyl was determined. In contrast, over the composite oxides prepared at urea dosages greater than 3 mmol, BDE-28/33 gradually become the major isomer product instead of BDE-17 among tri-BDEs. The amount of the other di-BDEs isomer such as BDE-15 and -10 approach to be comparable to that BDE-8/11. However, regardless of the urea dosage, BDE-47 converted into BDE-75 via an isomerization reaction. Based on these intermediate products identification, a possible hydrodebromination mechanism of BDE-47 over FeeAl composite oxide was comprehensively traced.

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“…And the emission of greenhouse gases has caused global warming. People attach great importance to sustainable and pollution-free new energy sources in nature [9]. The first thing that comes to our mind is solar energy.…”

Section: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Based On Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Metal Oxides Prepared Based on Ferroelectric‐Based Photoelectric Conversion Materials in the Thermal Degradation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

Gao

Huo

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In today’s environment where the society attaches great importance to environmental pollution, there has been a certain amount of research at home and abroad to explore the solutions to pollution of the large amount of polluting and persistent harmful substances that remain in nature. And most people think that it is necessary to solve the problem of pollution in two ways. (1) Energy: without discussing other energy sources, we will only discuss the main oil of today’s energy. The treatment and use of this energy will cause pollution to a certain degree, and it has been overexploited. The exploration of new energy sources and increasing the use of natural energy such as wind and solar energy are the main research directions today. (2) Degradation of existing pollutants: nowadays, due to the rapid development of various industries, attention to environmental pollution has reached a point that cannot be ignored. As a kind of brominated flame retardant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers are widely used because of their low price and stable chemical properties, mostly in electronic appliances, building materials, textiles, furniture, and other products. But the substance is extremely harmful. This article focuses on the degradation treatment of tetrabromodiphenyl ether, which is one of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers that are long-lasting and difficult to be degraded in the environment. It has become an emerging persistent organic pollutant due to its toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Based on the reduction and debromination of zero-valent iron, the effect of debromination of tetrabromodiphenyl ether is explored under the coupling effect of the nanosized iron powder with the smaller particles of zero-valent iron and vitamin B12. The experimental results in this paper show that when the dosage of nanoiron powder is between 0.0 g/L and 0.15 g/L, according to the degradation diagram, the reaction rate is continuously strengthened with the increase of nanoiron powder. When the dosage of nanoiron powder is 0.15 g/L-1.0 g/L, the effect will be weakened with the increase of the concentration. Therefore, an increase in the concentration of nanoiron powder will promote the progress of the debromination reaction. But when it reaches a certain level, the reaction rate will gradually decrease until it stops.

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Thermal degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers over as-prepared Fe3O4 micro/nano-material and hypothesized mechanism

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Direct Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Brominated Flame Retardants in Synthetic Polymers

Direct Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Brominated Flame Retardants in Synthetic Polymers

Thermal degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) over synthesized Fe–Al composite oxide

Application of Metal Oxides Prepared Based on Ferroelectric‐Based Photoelectric Conversion Materials in the Thermal Degradation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

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